Keanekaragaman dan Kelimpahan Vegetasi Riparian di Sungai Saroka Kecamatan Saronggi Kabupaten Sumenep

Abstract

Riparian vegetation is a plant community of several types of habitus such as trees, saplings and seedlings that live on river banks. The characteristics of riparian vegetation which have specifically adapted to environmental conditions make it have many strategic functions in maintaining the ecosystem. Some of the positive impacts of riparian vegetation depend on the varying structure and composition of the vegetation. The destruction of riparian vegetation will result in a decrease in the function of riparian vegetation in maintaining the ecosystem. The aim of this research is to study the diversity and abundance of riparian vegetation and to study environmental factors that influence the diversity and abundance of riparian vegetation. The method used is the belt transect method. The method is to make 4 belt transects, each measuring 10m x 80m. Each belt transect is made into a quadrant measuring 10m x 10m which is installed perpendicular to the river bank. Each quadrant is placed with a sampling plot measuring 2m x 2m for seedlings, 5m x 5m for saplings, and 10m x 10m for trees. Vegetation analysis includes: importance value index, diversity index (H'), uniformity index (E), and dominance index (C). The research was conducted on the Saroka River, Saronggi District, Sumenep Regency. The results of this research were the discovery of 37 types of riparian vegetation from 20 families whose habit was trees, saplings and seedlings. The highest INP for tree habitus is dominated by banana species, sapling habitus is dominated by cassava, while INP for seedling habitus is puzzle. The diversity index at all research stations is moderate (H'= 2.12), the uniformity index is high (E= 0.75) with a dominance index of 0.17 (almost no individuals dominate). Environmental factors that influence the diversity and abundance of riparian vegetation are air humidity, soil pH and environmental temperature.Vegetasi riparian merupakan suatu komunitas tumbuhan dari beberapa jenis habitus seperti pohon, pancang dan semai yang hidup di tepian sungai. Karakteristik vegetasi riparian yang secara spesifik telah beradaptasi dengan kondisi lingkungan menjadikannya memiliki banyak fungsi strategis dalam menjaga ekosistem. Beberapa dampak positif dari adanya vegetasi riparian sangat bergantung kepada struktur dan komposisi penyusun vegetasi secara bervariasi. Musnahnya vegetasi riparian akan mengakibatkan penurunan fungsi vegetasi riparian dalam menjaga ekosistem. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mempelajari keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan vegetasi riparian serta mempelajari faktor lingkungan yang berpengaruh terhadap keanekaragaman dan keklimpahan vegetasi riparian. Metode yang digunakan metode belt transect. Caranya dengan membuat 4 belt transect masing-masing berukuran 10m x 80m. Tiap belt transect  dibuat kuadran berukuran 10m x 10m yang dipasang secara tegak lurus dengan tepi sungai. Tiap kuadran diletakkan plot pengambilan sampel berukuran 2m x 2m untuk semai, 5m x 5m untuk pancang, dan 10m x 10m untuk pohon. Analisis vegetasi, meliputi: indeks nilai penting, indeks keanekaragaman (H’), indeks keseragaman (E), dan indeks dominansi (C). Penelitian dilakukan di Sungai Saroka Kecamatan Saronggi Kabupaten Sumenep. Hasil penelitian ini berupa ditemukan 37 jenis vegetasi riparian dari 20 famili yang berhabitus pohon, pancang dan semai. INP tertinggi pada habitus pohon didominasi oleh jenis Pisang, habitus pancang didominasi oleh Singkong, sedangkan INP habitus semai berupa teki-tekian.  Indeks  keanekaragaman di seluruh stasiun penelitian tergolong sedang (H’= 2,12), indeks keseragaman tergolong tinggi (E= 0,75) dengan indeks dominansi 0,17 (hampir tidak ada individu yang mendominasi). Faktor lingkungan yang berpengaruh terhadap keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan vegetasi riparian adalah kelembaban udara, pH tanah dan suhu lingkungan