日本人の他者理解についての文化神経科学的考察 : 事象関連電位による探索的研究

Abstract

In this study, I first overviewed the cultural construal of the self that have been proposed in Cultural Psychology and some related previous studies. Next, I overviewed understanding of others (theory of mind). Neural responses have been shown to vary across cultures when reasoning about the mental states of others. In this study, I examined the event-related potential (ERP) responses of Japanese people regarding belief and desire reasoning of others. The results were then compared with those of a previous American study to enable a discussion from a cross-cultural perspective. The Japanese university students were asked to perform belief, desire, and physical tasks (control task) while their electroencephalogram was recorded. The ERPs generated from the parietal electrodes P3, Pz, P4 were analyzed, and Late Slow Wave (LSW) was occurred for belief, desire, and physical reasoning. The mean amplitude of each task was examined. Significant differences in the mean amplitudes of the LSW for belief and desire reasoning were found. The neural activity of belief and desire reasoning in the parietal scalp region in the Japanese sample of the present study was discussed and compared with the results of the previous American study.はじめに文化心理学で提唱されてきた文化的自己観や関連するいくつかの先行研究を概観した。次に、他者理解に注目した。他者の心的状態を推論している際の脳神経反応には、文化による差が見出されていることが明らかになっている。本研究では、日本人を対象とし、他者の信念推論と他者の欲求推論の事象関連電位(event-related potential: ERP)反応を検討し、アメリカの先行研究を参照し文化比較的視点から考察することを試みた。まず、日本の大学生の他者の信念課題と他者の欲求課題、物課題(統制課題)遂行中の脳波を測定した。頭頂部の電極P3、Pz、P4におけるERPを分析したところ、信念推論、欲求推論、物推論に対しLate Slow Wave (LSW)が生じた。各課題のERP成分の平均振幅について検討したところ、LSWの平均振幅において、欲求推論が信念推論よりも有意に陽性方向に惹起していた。頭頂部に見出された信念推論と欲求推論の神経活動の様相について、アメリカの先行研究と比較し考察した

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