Sociedade Portuguesa de Dermatologia e Venereologia
Doi
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma has been associated with a poor prognosis, with overall survival rates at 5 years of 10%. Until 2011, the only treatments available for metastatic melanoma were chemotherapy and immunotherapy with interleukin-2. The more in-depth knowledge about the molecular biology of melanoma and the identification of BRAF mutations, which are the most frequently found, allowed us to find new therapeutic targets that came to modify the prognosis of these patients. Currently, the treatments available for metastatic melanoma with BRAF mutation are immunotherapy with immunological checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD-1 to anti-CTLA-4) and targeted therapy with BRAF inhibitors and MEK inhibitors. However, the first-line therapy to be instituted in these patients remains unknown.O melanoma metastático tem sido associado a mau prognóstico, apresentando taxas de sobrevivência global aos 5 anos de 10%. Até 2011, os únicos tratamentos disponíveis para o melanoma metastático eram a quimioterapia e a imunoterapia com interleucina-2. O conhecimento mais aprofundado sobre a biologia molecular do melanoma e a identificação de mutações BRAF, que são as mais frequentemente encontradas, permitiram encontrar novos alvos terapêuticos que vieram alterar o prognóstico destes doentes. Atualmente, os tratamentos disponíveis para o melanoma metastático com mutação BRAF são a imunoterapia com inibidores do checkpoint imunológico (anti-PD-1 e anti-CTLA-4) e a terapêutica dirigida com inibidores BRAF e inibidores MEK. No entanto, permanece ainda controverso qual a terapêutica de primeira linha a instituir nestes doentes
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