DAMPAK NEGATIF ADIKSI PENGGUNAAN SMARTPHONE TERHADAP ASPEK-ASPEK AKADEMIK PERSONAL REMAJA

Abstract

Technology development in today’s digital era expands the scope of electronic media, such as smartphone, to be more easily accessed by adolescents. A smartphone has indeed the main functions generally as a means of communication in distance barriers, and a means of information gathering through the Internet. In spite of this, the prevalence of smartphones among adolescents affects not merely in beneficial way to their academic experiences quality, but also could potentially give negative impacts. Therefore, this systemathic review collects the findings of both relevant quantitive and qualitative studies regarding the negative impacts of smartphone addiction on adolescent’s personal academic aspects. Selected studies were identified from two databases to be presented in qualitative metasummary. We selected 10 studies based on the selection criteria. From the assessment, results found that smartphone addiction among senior and junior high school students could raise some risks as follows: lower academic achievements, decreased academic engagement, increased academic institution disaffection, higher tendency of anxiety, and deeper depression symptoms. Other problematic behaviors that were observed in one of selected studies were: thought problems, attention problems, antisocial-action-related aggressiveness, difficulties in building positive self-identity, and greater problems relating to self-destruction. The most frequently discovered personal academic aspect as a negative impact mentioned by participants was the decrease of academic achievement. This consideration about negative impacts of smartphone addiction on personal academic aspects offers information for parents, teachers, and the professionals to construct the anticipations of academic-related disadvantages for adolescents (e.g., an educative socialization program about utilizing smartphone wisely).Perkembangan teknologi di era digital ini telah memperluas cakupan media elektronik smartphone sampai kepada kalangan remaja. Smartphone memiliki fungsi utama sebagai alat bantu komunikasi jarak jauh dan pencarian informasi melalui internet secara umum. Di luar itu, bagi remaja yang masih bersekolah ternyata kemunculan smartphone tidak hanya memberikan dampak positif bagi perkembangan kualitas capaian pendidikan mereka, tetapi juga berpotensi memberikan ragam dampak negatif. Dari itu, tinjauan sistematis ini mengumpulkan hasil studi ilmiah kuantitatif dan kualitatif mengenai dampak-dampak negatif adiksi smartphone terhadap aspek-aspek akademik personal remaja. Studi ini menggunakan pencarian dari dua database melalui penjelasan bentuk metasummary kualitatif. Sebanyak 10 studi terpilih berdasarkan kriteria seleksi. Hasil penelusuran studi-studi terpilih menunjukkan bahwa adiksi smartphone pada remaja sekolah menengah pertama dan sekolah menengah atas dapat beresiko menurunkan prestasi akademik, menurunkan keterlibatan akademik, mendorong munculnya perasaan tidak puas pada sekolah, meningkatkan perasaan cemas, dan memunculkan gejala depresi. Masalah perilaku lainnya yang ditemukan melalui studi terpilih dari adiksi smartphone adalah kerentanan remaja pada beban pikiran berlebihan, pengaturan perhatian, agresivitas aksi antisosial, kesulitan membangun identitas diri positif, dan peningkatan potensi aksi merusak diri. Dari semua dampak tersebut, bagian aspek akademik personal remaja yang paling banyak ditemukan yaitu memburuknya prestasi akademik. Perhatian pada dampak negatif adiksi smartphone terhadap aspek akademik personal remaja dapat memberikan informasi bagi orangtua, guru, dan para profesional dalam menyusun antisipasi kerugian akademik bagi remaja, seperti dalam menyusun program sosialisasi untuk mengedukasikan penggunaan smartphone secara bijak