Bali beach conservation project and issues related to beach maintenance after completion of project

Abstract

Bali Island in Indonesia is a world-famous resort area, and the beaches composed of coral sand are one of the most important resources for tourism. However, serious beach erosion has occurred since the 1970s owing to the tourism development along the coastal areas. To recover previous natural sandy beaches, Bali Beach Conservation Project was undertaken by the Indonesian Government as the ODA project financed by Japan. Three seriously eroded beaches (Sanur, Nusa Dua and Kuta) with a total length of 18 km and one sea cliff erosion coast (Tanah Lot Temple) were selected as the restoration sites. At Sanur, Nusa Dua and Kuta, beach nourishment was carried out together with the construction of artificial coastal structures to minimize sand discharge after the nourishment by waves. At Tanah Lot, coastal protection measures using artificial reefs and rock panel were undertaken to protect the eroded sea cliff and recover its natural landscape. Approximately ten years have already passed since the completion of the project at Sanur, Nusa Dua and Tanah Lot, and five years at Kuta. The Project has given significant contributions not only to develop and maintain the tourism but also to enhance the welfare of residents to preserve Balinese culture. Several issues have arisen on beach maintenance and management after the completion of the Project, such as 1) partial beach retreat, 2) partial damage of the coastal facilities and public facilities, 3) cleaning of beach trash at public beach areas, 4) encroachment of buildings on recovered sandy beach