Increased Breast Density Correlates with the Proliferation-Seeking Radiotracer Tc(V)-DMSA Uptake in Florid Epithelial Hyperplasia and in Mixed Ductal Carcinoma in Situ with Invasive Ductal Carcinoma but Not in Pure Invasive Ductal Carcinoma or in Mild Epithelial Hyperplasia

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship of mammographic breast density (BD) and cell proliferation/focal adhesion kinase activation–seeking radiotracer technetium 99m pentavalent dimercaptosuccinic acid ( 99m Tc(V)-DMSA) uptake in women with different breast histologies, that is, mild epithelial hyperplasia (MEH), florid epithelial hyperplasia (FEH), mixed ductal carcinoma in situ with invasive ductal carcinoma (DCIS + IDC), and pure IDC. Fifty-five women with histologically confirmed mammary pathologies were submitted preoperatively to mammography and 99m Tc(V)-DMSA scintimammography. The percentage and intensity of 99m Tc(V)-DMSA uptake and the percentage of BD were calculated by computer-assisted methods and compared ( t -test) between the breast pathologies. In breasts with increased BD, FEH and DCIS + IDC were found. On the contrary, pure IDC and MEH were identified in breasts with significantly lower BD values. In breasts with increased 99m Tc(V)-DMSA area and intensity of uptake, FEH was the main lesion found compared to all other histologies. Linear regression analysis between BD and 99m Tc(V)-DMSA uptake area and intensity revealed significant coefficients of correlation ( r = .689, p < .001 and r = .582, p < .001, respectively). Increased BD correlates with the presence of FEH and mixed DCIS + IDC but not with pure IDC or MEH. Its close relationship to 99m Tc(V)-DMSA, which also showed an affinity to FEH, indicates that stromal microenvironment may constitute a specific substrate leading to progression to different subtypes of cancerous lesions originating from different pathways