Incidence et sévérité de la mosaïque africaine du manioc dans les champs et les jardins de case à Kinshasa (République Démocratique du Congo)

Abstract

Incidence and Severity of the African Cassava Mosaic in Fields and Home Gardens in Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of the Congo). A prospective survey was carried out from 2010 to 2011 in the cassava fields of Kimwenza and Mitendi and the home gardens of five townships of Kinshasa in order to determine the incidence and the severity of the African Cassava Mosaic (ACM) in Kinshasa city. ¶The ACM is present in almost all the fields and home gardens of Kinshasa city. An average incidence rate of 70.11% and an average rate of foliar attack of 71.29% were respectively observed in the fields of Kimwenza and Mitendi while it amoutend to 78% in the home gardens of the five Kinshasa townships. It was observed that 70.23 % of the cassava plants presented a Symptom of Gravity Index (SGI) varying from 2-5 at Kimwenza and Mitendi. The SGI was 52.5% in the home gardens of Kinshasa. Four cassava cultivars belonging to M. esculenta and M. glaziovii species were identified in the fields of Kimwenza and Mitendi. Among them, Nsanginsangi is the most sensitive to the ACM with an incidence of 81.7% while the Mankanu is less sensitive with an incidence of 52.8%. The majority of the population in Kinshasa grows M. glaziovii as vegetable in their home gardens and M. esculenta as a source of tuberous roots in their fiels. The high ACM incidence in the fields and home gardens in Kinshasa associated to the propagation of the plants by cuttings represents a danger for food security