Centro Internacional de Métodos Numéricos en Ingeniería
Abstract
4th World Congress on Computational Mechanics, 1998, Buenos Aires[Abstract] Substation grounding design involves computing the equivalent resistance of the earthing system -for reasons of equipment protection-, as well as distribution of
potentials on the earth surface -for reasons of human security- when fault conditions
occur1.
While very crude approximations were available in the sixties, several methods have been
proposed in the last three decades, most of them on the basis of practice and intuitive
ideas1;2. Although these techniques represented a significant improvement in the area of
grounding analysis, a number of problems, such as the computational requirements or
the error uncertainty, were reported3.
Recently, the authors have identified these widespread intuitive methods as particular
cases of a general Boundary Element numerical approach4. Furthermore, starting from
this BE formulation it has been possible to develop others more eficient and accurate5.
The Boundary Element formulations derived up to this moment are based on the hypothesis
-widely assumed in most of the practical techniques and procedures- that the
soil can be considered homogeneous and isotropic5.
A more general BE approach for the numerical analysis of substation grounding systems
in nonuniform soils is presented in this paper. The formulation is specially derived
for two-layer soil models, widely considered as adequate for most practical cases. The
feasibility of this BEM approach is demonstrated by solving two real application problems,
in which accurate results for the equivalent resistance and the potential distribution on
the ground surface are obtained with acceptable computing requirements
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