Dualisme Kesultanan di Jambi dan Dampaknya Terhadap Perekonomian Abad 17-18

Abstract

As a result of the decline and fall of the Portuguese port of Malacca, old trading centers reappeared, one of which was Jambi. At the beginning of the 17th century Jambi was present as the 2nd richest port in Sumatra. Because of Jambi's reputation, Voc began to be interested in visiting Jambi. The VOC succeeded in establishing cooperative contacts with the Jambi sultanate during the leadership of Sultan Abdul Kahar (1615-1643). The VOC received a permit to open a log cabin in Muara Kumpeh and obtained monopoly rights to the pepper trade in Jambi. The VOC began to control trade in Jambi and intervened politically in the Jambi sultanate. The purpose of this writing is to look at the dualism of leadership that occurred in the Jambi Sultanate as a result of intervention by the Dutch and its impact on the economy. The method used in this paper is the historical method. Starting from the collection of sources, source criticism, interpretation and poured into written works (historiography). The results of this study indicate that the intervention carried out by the VOC succeeded in dividing the Jambi Sultanate into two, namely Upstream and Downstream (1696). The VOC succeeded in overthrew the previous power and replaced the sultan who was pro against them. The VOC's success in monopolizing the pepper trade in Jambi and manipulating the economy in the Sultanate, which unwittingly brought the Jambi Sultanate to decline and economic decline and even nearly falling into poverty.Kejatuhan pelabuhan Malaka  ketangan Portugis, membuat pusat-pusat perdagangan lama muncul kembali salah satunya adalah Jambi. Pada awal abad ke-17 Jambi hadir sebagai pelabuhan terkaya ke-2 di Sumatera. Atas reputasi Jambi tersebut Voc mulai tertarik untuk mengunjungi Jambi. VOC (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie)  berhasil berhasil menjalin kontak kerjasama dengan kesultanan Jambi masa kepemimpinan Sultan Abdul Kahar (1615-1643). VOC mendapat izin membuka loji di Muara Kumpeh serta mendapat hak monopoli perdagangan lada di Jambi. VOC mulai menguasai perdagangan di Jambi hingga melakukan intervensi politik di kesultanan Jambi. Adapun tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk melihat dualisme kepemimpinan yang terjadi di Kesultanan Jambi akibat dari intervensi yang dilakukan Belanda serta dampaknya terhadap perekonomian. Metode yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini ialah metode sejarah. Dimulai dari pengumpulan sumber, kritik sumber, interpretasi dan dituangkan ke dalam bentuk karya tulisan (historiografi). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan intervensi yang dilakukan VOC berhasil memecah Kesultanan Jambi menjadi dua yaitu Hulu dan Hilir (1696). VOC berhasil melengserkan kekuasaan yang sebelumnya dan menggantikan sultan yang pro terhadap mereka. Kesuksesan VOC memonopoli perdagangan lada di Jambi serta memanipulasi perekonomian di Kesultanan, yang tanpa disadari hal tersebut membawa Kesultanan Jambi pada kemunduran dan kemerosotan ekonomi bahkan nyaris jatuh miskin