Arqueologia e hist??ria na terra dos bugres: em busca da visibilidade ind??gena na regi??o de Cruz Alta - RS

Abstract

O objetivo deste trabalho ?? realizar uma investiga????o, baseada em um levantamento etno-hist??rico, sobre a presen??a de grupos ind??genas vivendo desde per??odos imemoriais na regi??o de Cruz Alta. S??o introduzidas informa????es arqueol??gicas e documentais que atestam a presen??a de grupos Guaranis e Kaingangues ocupando o atual territ??rio do munic??pio. Al??m disso, avaliam-se alguns fatores que levaram as comunidades ind??genas a serem desconsideradas nos discursos hist??ricos. Para isso, realizaram-se levantamentos de bibliografia referente ao colonialismo, ao papel da arqueologia como reprodutora dessa ideologia, aos discursos sobre grupos ind??genas nos projetos de na????o por intelectuais brasileiros no s??culo XIX e XX, al??m de alguns aspectos sobre discursos identit??rios referentes aos grupos ind??genas no Rio Grande do Sul e tamb??m no munic??pio onde se realiza esta pesquisa: Cruz Alta. Evidencia-se que s??o in??meras as hist??rias que podem ser contadas, por diferentes atores sociais, e que os s??tios arqueol??gicos existentes na regi??o n??o se configuram ainda como um patrim??nio arqueol??gico da sociedade, considerando o desconhecimento dessa materialidade pr??-colonial, bem como da pr??pria hist??ria ind??gena. Assim, atrav??s da pesquisa hist??rica, entende-se que outras vis??es do passado podem ser desveladas, contribuindo para a constru????o de identidades culturais m??ltiplas.The objective of this study is to perform an investigation, based on ethno-history study, about the presence of indigenous groups living since pre-colonial periods in the region of Cruz Alta. Are introduced archaeological and documentary information about the presence of groups Guaranis and Kaingangues occupying the actual territory of the city. In addition, are evaluated some factors which led the indigenous communities to be disregarded in historical discourses. To achieve this goal, surveys were done about the colonialism literature, the role of archeology as a reproducer of this ideology, the discourse about indigenous groups in national projects by brazilians intellectuals in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and some aspects of the identity discourses about indigenous groups in the state of Rio Grande do Sul and also in the county where this research takes place: Cruz Alta. Is evident that there are many more stories that can be counted by different social actors, and the archaeological sites existing in the region still not are depicted like an archeological heritage of society, considering the lack of knowledge about the pre-colonial materiality and indigenous history. Thus, through historical research, it is understood that other visions of the past can be discussed, contributing to the construction of multiple cultural identities

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