Experimental studies and thermodynamic optimization of the Ni-Bi system

Abstract

Experimental studies by electron microprobe analyses, optical microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry were performed. New data about the liquidus in the central and the Bi-rich regions were obtained. A narrow homogeneity region (about 50-52 at.% Bi) was found for the compound NiBi while the second intermediate phase in this system (NiBi3) was stoichiometric. Thermodynamic optimization of the Ni-Bi phase diagram was achieved by the CALPHAD method by combining phase diagram and thermodynamic data. Thus, NiBi was modeled with two sublattices, allowing mixing of Bi and Ni on one of them only. The intermetallic phase NiBi3 was modeled as a stoichiometric compound. Redlich-Kister polynomials were used to describe the excess Gibbs energies of the solution phases (liquid, pure bismuth, and Ni-based solid solutions)