Levels of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in the critically endangered Iberian lynx and other sympatric carnivores in Spain

Abstract

Accumulation of organochlorine compounds is well studied in aquatic food chains whereas little information is available from terrestrial food chains. This study presents data of organochlorine levels in tissue and plasma samples of 15 critically endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) and other 55 wild carnivores belonging to five species from three natural areas of Spain (Doñana National Park, Sierra Morena and Lozoya River) and explores their relationship with species diet. The Iberian lynx, with a diet based on the consumption of rabbit, had lower PCB levels (geometric means, plasma: <0.01 ng mL−1, liver: 0.4 ng g−1 wet weight, fat: 87 ng g−1 lipid weight) than other carnivores with more anthropic and opportunistic foraging behavior, such as the red fox (Vulpes vulpes; plasma: 1.11 ng mL−1, liver: 459 ng g−1, fat: 1984 ng g−1), or with diets including reptiles at higher proportion, such as the Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon; plasma: 7.15 ng mL−1, liver: 216 ng g−1, fat: 540 ng g−1), or the common genet (Genetta genetta; liver: 466 ng g−1, fat: 3854 ng g−1). Chlorinated pesticides showed interspecific variations similar to PCBs. Organochlorine levels have declined since the 80s in carnivores from Doñana National Park, but PCB levels are still of concern in Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra; liver: 3873–5426 ng g−1) from the industrialized region of Madrid.This is a contribution to the “Programa de Actuaciones para la Conservación del Lince en Andalucía II”, Consejería de Medio Ambiente, Junta de Andalucía (CMA). J. Millán holds a “Ramón y Cajal” contract and M.E. Ortiz-Santaliestra holds a “Juan de la Cierva” contract, both awarded by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and the European Social Fund. J. Rodríguez-Estival is granted by the Junta the Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha.Peer reviewe