Picogram per liter level determination of estrogens in natural waters and waterworks by a fully automated on-line solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry method

Abstract

9 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables.-- PMID: 15571352 [PubMed].-- Printed version published Dec 1, 2004.The present work describes a novel, fully automated method, based on on-line solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-ESI-MS-MS), which allows the unequivocal identification and quantification of the most environmentally relevant estrogens (estradiol, estrone, estriol, estradiol-17-glucuronide, estradiol-17-acetate, estrone-3-sulfate, ethynyl estradiol, diethylstilbestrol) in natural and treated waters at levels well below those of concern (limits of quantification between 0.02 and 1.02 ng/L). The method is highly precise, with relative standard deviations varying between 1.43 and 3.89%, and accurate (recovery percentages >74 %). This method was used to track the presence and fate of the target compounds in a waterworks and to evaluate the removal efficiency of the treatment processes applied. Only estrone and estrone-3-sulfate were detected in the river water used as source (at 0.68 and 0.33 ng/L, respectively). After progressive removal through the various treatment steps, none of them were detected in the finished drinking water. In addition to selectivity, sensitivity, repeatability, and automation (up to 15 samples plus 6 calibration solutions and 1 blank can be analyzed unattended), this technique offers fairly high throughput (analysis time per sample is 60 min), low time and solvent consumption, and ease of use.This work has been supported by the commission of the European communities (projects ARTDEMO EVK1-CT-2000-00045 and STAMPS EVK1-CT2002-00119), the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (BQU-2002-10903-E), and the I3P Program (cofinanced by CSIC and European Social Funds).Peer reviewe