Pengaruh jenis pati sebagai bahan dasar edible coating dan suhu penyimpanan terhadap kualitas buah tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

Abstract

INDONESIA: Buah tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) merupakan salah satu komoditas hortikultura yang sifatnya mudah mengalami penurunan kualitas. Penurunan kualitas diakibatkan oleh proses fisiologis respirasi dan transpirasi yang terus berlangsung setelah buah dipanen. Teknik penyimpanan yang baik dapat mempertahankan kualitas buah selama penyimpanan. Salah satu teknik yang dapat digunakan untuk memperlambat proses respirasi dan transpirasi adalah teknik edible coating. Edible coating pati singkong (Manihot esculenta) dan pati ganyong (Canna edulis Ker.) dapat diaplikasikan untuk melapisi buah tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Pelapis edible berbahan polisakarida berfungsi sebagai barrier yang selektif terhadap pertukaran gas CO2 dan O2, sehingga proses respirasi dapat dihambat dan kualitas buah tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) dapat dipertahankan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) pengaruh jenis pati bahan edible coating terhadap kualitas buah tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), (2) pengaruh suhu penyimpanan terhadap kualitas buah tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). (3) pengaruh interaksi jenis pelapis edible coating dan suhu penyimpanan terhadap kualitas buah tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Fisiologi Tumbuhan Jurusan Biologi Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang pada bulan April-Mei 2013. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dua faktor dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah jenis pati bahan edible coating, meliputi tanpa edible coating, edible coating pati singkong (Manihot esculenta) dan edible coating pati ganyong (Canna edulis Ker.). Faktor kedua adalah suhu penyimpanan, penyimpanan suhu kamar (25-27ᵒC) dan penyimpanan suhu dingin (8-10ᵒC). Data yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini dianalisis dengan Analisis of Varian (ANOVA) Two Way dengan taraf kepercayaan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahwa (1) ada pengaruh jenis pati bahan edible coating terhadap kualitas buah tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), buah tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) yang dilapisi edible coating pati singkong (Manihot esculenta) dan edible coating pati ganyong (Canna edulis Ker.) tidak berbeda nyata, tetapi buah tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) yang dilapisi edible coating berbeda nyata dengan buah tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) yang tidak dilapisi. (2) ada pengaruh suhu penyimpanan terhadap kualitas buah tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), penyimpanan suhu dingin (8-10ᵒC) dapat mempertahankan bobot, menekan laju respirasi, kelunakan tekstur, perubahan warna dan kadar vitamin C). (3) ada pengaruh interaksi jenis pati bahan edible coating dan suhu penyimpanan terhadap kualitas buah tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). ENGLISH: Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is one of the horticultural commodities that are susceptible to degradation. Degradation caused by physiological processes of respiration and transpiration continue after the fruit is harvested. Proper storage techniques to maintain fruit quality during storage. One technique that can be used to slow down the process of respiration and transpiration are edible coating. Edible coating cassava (Manihot esculenta) starch and canna (Canna edulis Ker.) starch can be applied to coat the tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Edible coatings made of polysaccharides serve as a selective barrier to gas exchange of CO2 and O2, so that the process can be inhibited respiration and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) can be maintained. This study is to find out: (1) the effect of starch edible coating materials on the quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), (2) the effect of storage temperature on the quality tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). (3) the interaction effect edible coatings and storage temperature on the quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology of the State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang in April-May 2013. The study design used was a completely Randomized design with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor is the type of starch edible coating materials, including without coating, cassava (Manihot esculenta) starch edible coating and canna (Canna edulis Ker.) starch edible coating. The second factor is the storage temperature, storage temperature is cold (8-10 ᵒ C) and storage at room temperature (25-27 ᵒ C). Data obtained from this study were analyzed by Analysis of Variants (ANOVA) Two Way with a level of 5%. The results showed that (1) there is the influence of the type of starch edible coating material on the quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), (2) there is the influence of storage temperature on fruit quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), Cold storage (8-10 ᵒ C) to maintain weight, reduce the rate of respiration, texture, color changes and contens of vitamin C). (3) there is the influence effect of the type starch edible coating materials and storage temperature on fruit quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

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