LAPORAN TUGAS AKHIR PEMBUATAN SABUN HERBAL MELALUI PROSES PELELEHAN DAN PENUANGAN SABUN DASAR

Abstract

Ika Nofiana, Nanik Ambarwati, 2013, " Manufacturing Of Herbal Soap Through Soap Melting And Pouring Process ", Chemical Engineering Of Diploma III Study Program, Engeenering Faculty, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Soap is cleaning of made by a chemical reaction between the alkaline sodium or potassium fatty acids from vegetable oils or animal fats. In the manufacture of soap there are three ways to do that is with a cold process, hot process and the process of melting and pouring. Melting and pouring process is suitable for the manufacture of herbal soap, because with this process additives in the form of material - herbal ingredients will not broken the value of the point. Basic soap making begins by reacting a mixture of coconut oil and palm oil with NaOH using a cold process (in a blender). Once the soap base is being hard, then the soap base size cut into small pieces. Then add 13% propylene glycol and citric acid 0.6% while heated over a water bath and stir so homogen. Then add the pieces of pandan leaves to taste, then stir until blended and allowed to stand for 15 minutes. After than, add 8% herbal ingredients and stir until well blended for 5 minutes. After a homogen solut of soap, turn off the water bath and pour in mold. Soap can be used after the soap maturation process (curing) for 2-3 weeks. Test the quality of herbal soaps includes free alkali test, test water content, pH, and foam stability test. Overall test quality herbal soaps meet ISO standards. To test soapy water content 2.47% turmeric, gotu kola soap 5.47%, 2.14% soap galangal, ginger soap 1.99%. To test for alkali-free soap turmeric 0%, 0% gotu kola soap, soap galangal 0%, and 0% ginger soap. To test pH 9.24 turmeric soap; soap kola 9.41; soap 9.37 galangal, and ginger soap 9.29. To test the stability of turmeric soap suds 49.36%, 41.36% gotu kola soap, soap galangal 36.87%, 49.46% and ginger soap. Organoleptic test was conducted after the 28 respondents with a variety of respondents by age differences, ie above 31 years of age, 21-30 years of age and under 20 years of age. Organoleptic test covers four categories, namely aroma, much foam, display, and skin irritation. Organoleptic test results obtained in the fragrance category 96% of respondents liked the aroma of herbal soap. In the category of the many foam 64% of respondents choosing herbal soap has a lot of foam. In the soap category view 93% of respondents liked the look of herbal soap. As for the category of skin irritation almost 100% of respondents did not experience skin irritation. Ika Nofiana, Nanik Ambarwati, 2013, " Manufacturing Of Herbal Soap Through Soap Melting And Pouring Process ", Chemical Engineering Of Diploma III Study Program, Engeenering Faculty, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Soap is cleaning of made by a chemical reaction between the alkaline sodium or potassium fatty acids from vegetable oils or animal fats. In the manufacture of soap there are three ways to do that is with a cold process, hot process and the process of melting and pouring. Melting and pouring process is suitable for the manufacture of herbal soap, because with this process additives in the form of material - herbal ingredients will not broken the value of the point. Basic soap making begins by reacting a mixture of coconut oil and palm oil with NaOH using a cold process (in a blender). Once the soap base is being hard, then the soap base size cut into small pieces. Then add 13% propylene glycol and citric acid 0.6% while heated over a water bath and stir so homogen. Then add the pieces of pandan leaves to taste, then stir until blended and allowed to stand for 15 minutes. After than, add 8% herbal ingredients and stir until well blended for 5 minutes. After a homogen solut of soap, turn off the water bath and pour in mold. Soap can be used after the soap maturation process (curing) for 2-3 weeks. Test the quality of herbal soaps includes free alkali test, test water content, pH, and foam stability test. Overall test quality herbal soaps meet ISO standards. To test soapy water content 2.47% turmeric, gotu kola soap 5.47%, 2.14% soap galangal, ginger soap 1.99%. To test for alkali-free soap turmeric 0%, 0% gotu kola soap, soap galangal 0%, and 0% ginger soap. To test pH 9.24 turmeric soap; soap kola 9.41; soap 9.37 galangal, and ginger soap 9.29. To test the stability of turmeric soap suds 49.36%, 41.36% gotu kola soap, soap galangal 36.87%, 49.46% and ginger soap. Organoleptic test was conducted after the 28 respondents with a variety of respondents by age differences, ie above 31 years of age, 21-30 years of age and under 20 years of age. Organoleptic test covers four categories, namely aroma, much foam, display, and skin irritation. Organoleptic test results obtained in the fragrance category 96% of respondents liked the aroma of herbal soap. In the category of the many foam 64% of respondents choosing herbal soap has a lot of foam. In the soap category view 93% of respondents liked the look of herbal soap. As for the category of skin irritation almost 100% of respondents did not experience skin irritation. Ika Nofiana, Nanik Ambarwati, 2013, " Manufacturing Of Herbal Soap Through Soap Melting And Pouring Process ", Chemical Engineering Of Diploma III Study Program, Engeenering Faculty, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Soap is cleaning of made by a chemical reaction between the alkaline sodium or potassium fatty acids from vegetable oils or animal fats. In the manufacture of soap there are three ways to do that is with a cold process, hot process and the process of melting and pouring. Melting and pouring process is suitable for the manufacture of herbal soap, because with this process additives in the form of material - herbal ingredients will not broken the value of the point. Basic soap making begins by reacting a mixture of coconut oil and palm oil with NaOH using a cold process (in a blender). Once the soap base is being hard, then the soap base size cut into small pieces. Then add 13% propylene glycol and citric acid 0.6% while heated over a water bath and stir so homogen. Then add the pieces of pandan leaves to taste, then stir until blended and allowed to stand for 15 minutes. After than, add 8% herbal ingredients and stir until well blended for 5 minutes. After a homogen solut of soap, turn off the water bath and pour in mold. Soap can be used after the soap maturation process (curing) for 2-3 weeks. Test the quality of herbal soaps includes free alkali test, test water content, pH, and foam stability test. Overall test quality herbal soaps meet ISO standards. To test soapy water content 2.47% turmeric, gotu kola soap 5.47%, 2.14% soap galangal, ginger soap 1.99%. To test for alkali-free soap turmeric 0%, 0% gotu kola soap, soap galangal 0%, and 0% ginger soap. To test pH 9.24 turmeric soap; soap kola 9.41; soap 9.37 galangal, and ginger soap 9.29. To test the stability of turmeric soap suds 49.36%, 41.36% gotu kola soap, soap galangal 36.87%, 49.46% and ginger soap. Organoleptic test was conducted after the 28 respondents with a variety of respondents by age differences, ie above 31 years of age, 21-30 years of age and under 20 years of age. Organoleptic test covers four categories, namely aroma, much foam, display, and skin irritation. Organoleptic test results obtained in the fragrance category 96% of respondents liked the aroma of herbal soap. In the category of the many foam 64% of respondents choosing herbal soap has a lot of foam. In the soap category view 93% of respondents liked the look of herbal soap. As for the category of skin irritation almost 100% of respondents did not experience skin irritation. Ika Nofiana, Nanik Ambarwati, 2013, “Pembuatan Sabun Herbal Melalui Proses Pelelehan Dan Penuangan Sabun Dasar”, Program Studi Diploma III Jurusan Teknik Kimia Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta. Sabun adalah pembersih yang dibuat dengan reaksi kimia antara basa natrium atau kalium dengan asam lemak dari minyak nabati atau lemak hewani. Dalam pembuatan sabun ada beberapa cara yang dapat dilakukan yaitu dengan proses dingin, proses panas serta proses pelelehan dan penuangan. Proses pelelehan dan penuangan sangat cocok untuk pembuatan sabun herbal, karena dengan proses ini zat aditif yang berupa bahan – bahan herbal tidak akan rusak nilai gunanya. Pembuatan sabun dasar diawali dengan mereaksikan campuran minyak kelapa dan minyak sawit dengan NaOH melalui proses dingin (di blender). Setelah sabun dasar sudah mengeras, kemudian sabun dasar tersebut di potong- potong hingga ukurannya kecil. Lalu menambahkan propilen glikol 13% dan asam sitrat 0,6% sambil dipanaskan di atas penangas air dan mengaduk sehingga homogen. Lalu menambahkan potongan daun pandan secukupnya, kemudian mengaduknya hingga rata dan didiamkan selama 15 menit. Kemudian menambahkan bahan herbal 8% dan mengaduknya hingga tercampur rata selama 5 menit. Setelah larutan sabun menjadi homogen, matikan penangas air lalu menuangkannya pada cetakan. Sabun bisa digunakan setelah proses pematangan sabun (curing) selama 2-3 minggu. Uji kualitas sabun herbal meliputi pengujian alkali bebas, uji kadar air, uji pH, dan uji stabilitas busa. Keseluruhan uji kualitas sabun herbal memenuhi standar SNI. Untuk uji kadar air sabun kunyit 2,47 %, sabun pegagan 5,47 %, sabun lengkuas 2,14 %, sabun jahe 1,99%. Untuk uji alkali bebas sabun kunyit 0 %, sabun pegagan 0 %, sabun lengkuas 0 %, dan sabun jahe 0 %. Untuk uji pH sabun kunyit 9,24; sabun pegagan 9,41; sabun lengkuas 9,37; dan sabun jahe 9,29. Untuk uji stabilitas busa sabun kunyit 49,36 %, sabun pegagan 41,36%, sabun lengkuas 36,87%, dan sabun jahe 49,46%. Setelah itu dilakukan uji organoleptik kepada 28 responden dengan variasi responden berdasarkan perbedaan usia, yaitu usia di atas 31 tahun, usia 21-30 tahun, dan usia dibawah 20 tahun. Uji organoleptik meliputi empat kategori, yaitu aroma, banyaknya busa, tampilan, dan iritasi kulit. Hasil uji organoleptik yang diperoleh dalam kategori aroma 96% responden suka dengan aroma dari sabun herbal. Pada kategori banyaknya busa 64 % responden memilih sabun herbal memiliki banyak busa. Pada kategori tampilan sabun 93 % responden menyukai tampilan sabun herbal. Sedangkan untuk kategori iritasi kulit hampir 100 % responden tidak mengalami iritasi kulit