Biochemical methods in the procedure of demonstrating the process of degeneration in the brain

Abstract

Neurodegenerativne bolesti odnose se na oštećenja mozga koja u većini slučajeva izazivaju demenciju i smrt neurona. U radu su objašnjene metode kojima se neurodegeneracije mogu dokazati i pomoću kojih se istražuju. Metode su podjeljenje na citogenetičke (in situ hibridizacija i fluorescentna in situ hibridizacija), imunohistokemijske (prepoznavanje ciljnih antigena pomoću određenih protutijela) i tehnike za vizualizaciju moždanog tkiva i aktivnosti moždanih stanica. Osim metoda za dokazivanje neurodegenerativnih bolesti, opisani su i biomarkeri neurodegeneracije i bolesti povezane s degeneracijom moždanog tkiva. Neke od bolesti su Alzheimer-ova bolest, Tay-Sach-ova bolest, Huntington-ova bolest, Parkinson-ova bolest i amiotrofična lateralna skleroza.Neurodegenerative diseases are associated with damage to the brain, which in most cases cause dementia and death of neurons. In this work we consider the methods used to prove neurodegeneration and by which they can be explaind. The methods are divided into cytogenetic methods (in situ hybridization and fluorescent in situ hybridization), immunohistochemical methods (recognition of target antigens by specific antibodies) and techniques for the visualization of brain tissue and brain-cell activity. In addition to methods for the detection of neurodegenerative diseases, here is also described the neurodegeneration biomarkers and disease associated with degeneration of the brain tissue. Some of the diseases are Alzheimer's disease, Tay-Sach's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis