Dipartimento di Economia e Finanza, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuo
Abstract
In a NK model with two types of rational agents, savers and capitalists, and non-
maximizing banks, nancial shocks do a¤ect the macroeconomic dynamics depending
on banksbehaviour as for their leverage ratio. We rst show that the level of banks
leverage - which may be imposed by banks regulation - a¤ects the steady state level
of output, employment and consumption, as might be expected in a non-Modigliani-
Miller world. Di¤erent banks behaviour after a shock has widely di¤erent e¤ects
on the macroeconomic dynamics: passive leverage results to be shock absorbing and
capable of neutralizing an initial nancial shock, whilst procyclical behaviour implies
higher and more persistent instability and distributive e¤ects than the constant lever-
age behaviour. Finally, we show that the interaction of procyclical leverage with
hysteresis in output and employment stregthens the persistence of financial shocks
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