The implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) has established superiority
in reducing mortality for survivors of cardiac arrest or patients at high risk of
sudden death. However, because of the nature of their spontaneous, chronic, and
potentiality life-treating condition, patients with an ICD are at risk of developing
mild to serious psychological distress. Critical events, such as ICD shocks or ICD
recalls may occur, significantly altering the course of individuals’ psychosocial
adjustment; a number of studies from different countries demonstrate that patients
with an ICD that experience higher emotional difficulties undergo a greater incidence
of shock therapy
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