p73, like its p53 homolog, shows preference for inverted repeats forming cruciforms

Abstract

<div><p>p73 is a member of the p53 protein family and has essential functions in several signaling pathways involved in development, differentiation, DNA damage responses and cancer. As a transcription factor, p73 achieves these functions by binding to consensus DNA sequences and p73 shares at least partial target DNA binding sequence specificity with p53. Transcriptional activation by p73 has been demonstrated for more than fifty p53 targets in yeast and/or human cancer cell lines. It has also been shown previously that p53 binding to DNA is strongly dependent on DNA topology and the presence of inverted repeats that can form DNA cruciforms, but whether p73 transcriptional activity has similar dependence has not been investigated. Therefore, we evaluated p73 binding to a set of p53-response elements with identical theoretical binding affinity in their linear state, but different probabilities to form extra helical structures. We show by a yeast-based assay that transactivation <i>in vivo</i> correlated more with the relative propensity of a response element to form cruciforms than to its expected <i>in vitro</i> DNA binding affinity. Structural features of p73 target sites are therefore likely to be an important determinant of its transactivation function.</p></div