Redox-Induced Reversible Uptake–Release of Cations in Porous Ionic Crystals Based on Polyoxometalate: Cooperative Migration of Electrons with Alkali Metal Ions

Abstract

Redox-active porous ionic crystals based on polyoxometalates (POM) were synthesized. By treating the crystal with an aqueous solution of ascorbic acid (reducing reagent) and KCl, one-electron reduction of POM proceeded followed by simultaneous uptake of K⁺. Interestingly, the reduction did not proceed without KCl, and the molecular size of ascorbic acid was too large to enter the porous crystal lattice. The time courses of reduction and K⁺ uptake were monitored by UV–vis spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), respectively. Both profiles could be reproduced by the linear driving force (LDF) model with similar rate constants. The reduced crystal could be oxidized with aqueous chlorine solution followed by the release of K⁺, and the redox cycles were reversible. The water sorption properties of the crystals could be controlled by the types of alkali metal ions incorporated. The Cs⁺ uptake and the simultaneous reduction of the crystal proceeded much faster than in the case of K⁺, which is in line with the trends in the Gibbs energies of hydration of alkali metal ions. Complete selectivity to Cs⁺ was observed in the uptake of ions from an aqueous binary mixture of Cs⁺ and Na⁺. All these results suggest the cooperative migration of electrons with alkali metal ions and the redox induced ion-exchange in porous ionic crystals based on POM