Breeding of a practical rice line ‘TJTT8’ for phytoextraction of cadmium contamination in paddy fields

Abstract

<p>Previously, we showed that <i>qCdp7</i>, an allele identified in the high-Cd-accumulating <i>indica</i> rice variety ‘Jarjan,’ is associated with effective phytoextraction of Cd from paddy soils. However, ‘Jarjan’ may not be practical for phytoextraction because it is susceptible to seed shattering and culm lodging, which are unfavorable traits for mechanical rice harvesting. In this study, to develop a practical rice line for phytoextraction, we introduced the <i>qCdp7</i> allele into ‘Tachisugata,’ a rice variety with a nonshattering habit and lodging resistance, to produce a new high-Cd-accumulating rice line designated ‘TJTT8.’ This line inherited high-Cd accumulation and brown pericarps from ‘Jarjan’ and a nonshattering habit and lodging resistance from ‘Tachisugata;’ all of these traits are necessary for rice intended for Cd phytoextraction in Japan. Backcross inbred lines (BILs) were produced by two backcrosses to ‘Tachisugata’ after a cross between ‘Jarjan’ and ‘Tachisugata.’ ‘TJTT8’ was selected from the BILs by means of marker-assisted selection and phenotypic evaluation. When ‘TJTT8,’ the parents, and ‘Cho-ko-koku’ which is a high-Cd-accumulating <i>indica</i> variety were cultivated in Cd-contaminated paddy fields in four locations in Japan, ‘TJTT8’ exhibited lodging resistance and shattering resistance that were higher than those of ‘Jarjan’ and ‘Cho-ko-koku’ and equivalent to those of ‘Tachisugata.’ ‘TJTT8’ accumulated Cd in the aerial parts of the plants at concentrations ranging from 6.5 to 22.7 mg m⁻²: it showed significantly higher Cd accumulation than ‘Tachisugata’ and was equivalent to ‘Jarjan’ and slightly superior to ‘Cho-ko-koku.’ Soil Cd concentration was estimated to have been reduced by 8.7–33.6% based on the amount of Cd accumulation in the aerial parts of the plants. Thus, we succeeded in using the <i>qCdp7</i> allele to produce a practical rice line for Cd phytoextraction by improving several agronomic traits for compatibility with Japanese cultivation systems.</p