The Settler Colonial Ideal in Nineteenth-Century France: From Revolutionary Shipwreck to Settler Colonial Shores

This article analyzes the published testimonies of French shipwreck survivors to trace the emergence of a settler colonial ideal in nineteenth-century France. Emerging from the encounters of French survivors with the men of the Anglo-World, this ideal encouraged compassionate, paternalist authority as a solution to the ongoing conflict of paternal despotism and disorderly fraternal freedom in France. The community of sentiment imagined in shipwreck testimonies was gendered and racialized, cultivating white compassion across colonial empires. These transimperial affective ties allowed the settler colonial ideal to persist in the early twentieth century, despite the abandonment of further projects for French settlement

Between Global and Local: Glocal Refractions in Roman Material Culture and Society

This book explores the application of glocalization theory in the context of Roman archaeology. Chapters range across social and economic connectivity, architecture and construction, trade, iconography, art and agricultural production and apply glocalization in different ways. Such a diverse range of topics and approaches provokes further consideration of glocalization as an analytical tool that can generate new perspectives in Roman archaeology and history. Glocalization has become increasingly influential in archaeology in recent years. The Roman world is particularly well-suited to develop this concept. Global phenomena did not simply generate local responses, but instigated adaptations and modifications of these forces to fit local customs, contexts or beliefs. The ability of glocalization as a concept to move fluidly between scales enables discussion of highly localized (micro-scale) developments in funerary architecture, interior décor or agricultural production, through to transregional (macro-scale) responses in the design of forums or economic infrastructure. This book asks, for example, whether local customs and materials shaped the adoption and adaptation of imperial innovations, and if highly interconnected regions responded to changing global networks intentionally. By using glocalization as an analytical tool we can acknowledge multiple agencies and multi-scalar interactions to visualize global-local relationships and the development of bespoke local forms across the different territories of the Roman world

The ‘Threat’ of “Channel Migrants”: An Exploration into How the UK Media Portrayed People Claiming Asylum

This paper explores how print media in the UK portrayed so-called “channel migrants” during a two-year period preceding a pivotal moment in UK asylum history, where national policy and practice became increasingly exclusionary. This study adopts a corpus linguistics approach to examine the language associated with people on the move in 741 press articles. The findings show during 01/05/19 - 30/04/21 “channel migrants” were predominantly portrayed as ‘a threat’ in newspapers, with some nuance depending on the publication type and terminology used to refer to people on the move. Where possible, findings are disaggregated by gender, showing significant discrepancies between the media framing of female and male “channel migrants”. Finally, this paper offers reflections on a potential relationship between media portrayal and policymaking in the asylum context

Childhood Statelessness in European Courts: An Avoidable Crisis

In the face of claims that statelessness is an avoidable tragedy, millions still suffer from the deprivation of a nationality. Through no fault of their own, the children among these millions often are born into statelessness and thus a life of instability. Even though all European states have ratified the of the Child (CRC), which mandates immediate birth registration and the right to acquire a nationality, childhood statelessness persists as a problem in Europe. One means of confronting the human rights violations resulting from childhood statelessness is through litigation. Through interviews with legal experts and an analysis of 44 childhood statelessness cases from national and international European venues, this paper explored how certain elements of litigation may affect case outcome. The data suggests that the specifics of litigant choice, the availability of guardians for children, and the legal context of the jurisdiction were impactful factors to consider. More specifically, to respect a child’s best interests, children’s claims should be addressed separately from all other litigants, including their parents. To further protect stateless children throughout the litigation process, they should receive a special guardian dedicated to procedural guidance and educating the court about their best interests, akin to those provided to children in most family courts. Finally, a state’s failure to incorporate the CRC and incorporate/ratify the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness serves as an unnecessary barrier to nationality for stateless children and forces advocates to rely on more binding law that does not directly address childhood statelessness. Through targeted efforts lobbying for domestication of these treaties, respecting the individual claims of each child, and fighting for guardians at the onset of litigation, stateless children’s chances of success may be heightened

Agency in Transit: Exploring the Factors Shaping the Agency of People on the Move in the Greek Islands and Western Balkans

A rise in securitization and border control at the European Union’s borders have led to fragmentation of migration journeys and extended times in spaces of transit. Therefore, experiences of being on the move mean a constant negotiation of new contexts and circumstances, which shape the agency of people-on-the-move (POM). This study explores how CSOs perceive the opportunities and constraints shaping the agency of POM in spaces of transit along the Balkan Route and Greek Islands. It views agency as a dynamic concept and explores supporting and limiting factors to the agency of POM. A particular focus is put on the role of interventions by civil society organisations (CSOs). Using a qualitative approach, the research is designed as a small-sample study based on data derived from interviews with representatives of six CSOs working actively with POM in the researched area. The study identified two distinct but also interdependent categories of agency. Individual-centred agency focuses on personal survival and aspirations, which is mostly supported through mobility and self-strengthening activities. Community-centred agency aims at collective empowerment and social change which requires a strong sense of community, and therefore community-strengthening activities play a crucial role. The main obstacles to the exercise of agency proved to be pushbacks, poor living conditions and uncertainty. The study concludes that, despite adverse conditions, POM continue to exercise agency. It offers critical insights for future project designs of CSOs and policy interventions to enhance the agency of POM and recognise them as active agents

Unravelling Gender-Based Persecution in Germany’s Asylum Process: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis of Legal and Judicial Practices

The research aims to identify flaws and biases in the asylum determination process for women whose claims were initially rejected, before appealing these decisions through administrative courts. The paper analyses the asylum process, including the initial decision and the appeal outcomes for women seeking international protection based on gender-based persecution in Germany. It evaluates whether the asylum determination process upholds asylum seekers' rights and ensures procedures aligned with contemporary standards on gender-based protection, specifically addressing women’s protection needs. The paper examines how the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees, along with regional administrative courts, handle claims of gender-based persecution. By comparing decisions from the Federal Office, followed by court rulings, it highlights potential systemic challenges and biases within the German asylum system. Additionally, the paper assesses improvements in procedures following Germany's ratification of the Istanbul Convention and evaluates the effectiveness of the asylum process in protecting women from gender-based violence in line with international protection standards

“Advertising”

This entry proposes a broad consideration of advertising-as-genre. It examines three perspectives, which Law-and-Literature scholarship is particularly suited to address: law as a source for understanding the reception of advertising; law as cultural practices drawing the boundaries between advertising and adjacent fields; and law as a locus for conceptualizing – or refusing to conceptualize – the role of enchantment in advertising and hence in capitalist economies, a question that has been inescapable since the nineteenth century

Settler Colonial Dynamics Across the Coral Sea: Australia and the Contours of French Settlement in New Caledonia

In 1903, settlers in Nouméa celebrated the 50th anniversary of the French annexation of New Caledonia. They welcomed an Australian delegation – the first to represent the Commonwealth overseas since federation in 1901, and the introduction of the racially exclusionary White Australia policy. This article traces the circulation of ideas about settler self-government across the Coral Sea in the wake of federation, examining the ways in which the political, economic, and racial aspirations of settlers in the French colony were shaped by their observation of developments in Australia. We argue that attempts to adapt Australian models to New Caledonian realities ultimately affirmed affinities between settlers across the Coral Sea, strengthening transimperial forms of whiteness

Asymmetric projection of introspection reveals a behavioural and neural mechanism for interindividual social coordination

When we collaborate with others to tackle novel problems, we anticipate how they will perform their part of the task to coordinate behavior effectively. We might estimate how well someone else will perform by extrapolating from estimates of how well we ourselves would perform. This account predicts that our metacognitive model should make accurate predictions when projected onto people as good as, or worse than, us but not on those whose abilities exceed our own.We demonstrate just such a pattern and that it leads to worse coordination when working with people more skilled than ourselves.Metacognitive projection is associated with a specific activity pattern in anterior lateral prefrontal cortex (alPFC47). Manipulation of alPFC47 activity altered metacognitive projection and impaired interpersonal social coordination. By contrast, monitoring of other individuals’ observable performance and outcomes is associated with a distinct pattern of activity in the posterior temporal parietal junction (TPJp)

The Economics of the Manuscript and Rare Book Trade, ca. 1890–1939

The market for rare books has been characterized as unpredictable, and driven by the whims of a small number of rich individuals. Yet behind the headlines announcing new auction records, a range of sources make it possible to analyze the market as a whole. This book introduces the economics of the trade in manuscripts and rare books during the turbulent period ca. 1890–1939. It demonstrates how surviving sources, even when incomplete and inconsistent, can be used to tackle questions about the operation of the rare book trade, including how books were priced, profit margins, accounting practices, and books as investments, from the perspectives of both dealers and collectors