混合異常高原子価鉄イオンに起因する多段階相転移に関する研究

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(理学)甲第25823号理博第5134号京都大学大学院理学研究科化学専攻(主査)教授 島川 祐一, 教授 寺西 利治, 教授 堀毛 悟史学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of ScienceKyoto UniversityDGA

Recent advances in understanding the biology of follicular lymphoma

Follicular lymphoma (FL), the most common indolent B-cell lymphoma, develops over decades before manifesting as overt disease. BCL2 overexpression by t(14;18) confers a survival advantage to B cells during the germinal center reaction, and abnormalities in epigenetic modifier genes lead to desynchronization of gene expression changes in germinal center B cells. Studies in mouse models have shown that BCL2 overexpression and epigenetic deregulation in B cells cooperatively promote lymphomagenesis. The immune microenvironment also plays an essential role in the biology of FL, and many molecular prognostic indicators based on the immune microenvironment have been proposed. However, high-risk gene signatures do not appear to be consistent between patients receiving different chemotherapies. FL cells frequently carry N-linked glycosylation motifs within the immunoglobulin gene, leading to chronic activation of the B-cell receptor (BCR). Recent evidence suggests that this chronic BCR signaling drives FL polarization toward a dark-zone phenotype and promotes clonal evolution. Since both epigenetic and post-transcriptional modifications of B cells have been implicated in the early stage of FL development, it may be possible to use novel non-chemotherapeutic approaches that interfere with the immunobiology in treatment or early prevention of FL

競合リスク分析を用いた人工呼吸器関連肺炎の発生率と予測因子：エジプトにおける単一施設前向きコホート研究

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(医学)甲第25888号医博第5173号京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻(主査)教授 西浦 博, 教授 平井 豊博, 教授 江木 盛時学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

Role of random blood glucose and HbA1c levels in optimizing glucose tolerance screening in early pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study

OBJECTIVE: Random blood glucose (rBG) levels are commonly measured in Japan; however, no standardized cutoff values exist for glucose tolerance screening in early pregnancy. The contribution of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and glycated albumin (GA) measurements to the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the significance of these glycemic indicators in early pregnancy for predicting GDM. METHODS: This observational cohort study enrolled pregnant women who underwent initial prenatal examinations to determine their rBG, HbA1c, and GA levels at a rural maternity facility. Clinical data were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 449 patients were analyzed, comprising 394 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and 55 with GDM. The rBG, HbA1c, and GA levels were significantly higher during early pregnancy in women who developed GDM than in those with NGT. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the areas under the curve (AUC) for rBG, HbA1c, and GA were 0.733, 0.591, and 0.608, respectively, with cutoff values of 100 mg/dL, 5.2%, and 14.6%, respectively. These cutoff values had sensitivities of 52.7%, 70.9%, and 36.4% and specificities of 87.6%, 43.4%, and 82.5%, respectively. The product of rBG and HbA1c levels demonstrated improved performance, with an AUC of 0.750, cutoff value of 509, 63.6% sensitivity, and 83.5% specificity. CONCLUSION: Glucose tolerance screening in early pregnancy using an rBG level of 100 mg/dL and an HbA1c level of 5.2% as cutoff values may help identify high-risk cases and enable early diagnosis of GDM

対合付き4次元正則シンプレクティック多様体の解析的捩率

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(理学)甲第25775号理博第5086号京都大学大学院理学研究科数学・数理解析専攻(主査)教授 吉川 謙一, 教授 池田 保, 教授 川口 周学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

Transplantation of vascularized cardiac microtissue from human induced pluripotent stem cell cells improves impaired electrical conduction in a porcine myocardial injury model

iPS心組織で電気信号の流れを改善 --ブタ心筋傷害モデルを用いた検討-- . 京都大学プレスリリース. 2025-03-28.OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate that the transplantation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived vascularized cardiac microtissue (VCM) can improve conduction disturbances after myocardial injury (MI). METHODS: We prepared cell sheet-shaped VCM with hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and vascular cells using dynamic rocking culture. We induced MI via epicardial cryoablation in immunosuppressed crown minipigs (VCM and sham groups; n = 3) and transplanted the VCMs immediately after MI induction. The pigs underwent epicardial electroanatomical mapping immediately before and 1 week after MI induction. RESULTS: One week after MI induction, mean electrical potentials at the MI site decreased in both groups during sinus rhythm (from 11.05 to 1.74 mV in the VCM group and from 8.72 to 2.70 mV in the sham group, P = .048). The mean conduction velocity between the remote and MI sites was numerically higher in the VCM group compared with the Sham group (2.84 m/s vs 1.74 m/s). One of the 3 animals in the VCM group demonstrated 2 independent origins of excitation corresponding to the pacing sites when simultaneous pacing of the remote and MI sites was performed 1 week after MI induction. Histologic examination confirmed that the VCM had engrafted on the surface of the MI region. Furthermore, we confirmed that the myocardial tissue in the MI region remained more intact one week after injury in the VCM transplantation group compared to the sham group, suggesting that this contributed to the reduction of conduction disturbances. CONCLUSIONS: The transplantation of VCM demonstrated a potential for improving conduction disturbances in MI

Continuous production of tagatose through isomerization of galactose using a tubular reactor filled with eggshell powder

Galactose solution was passed through a tubular reactor filled with eggshell powder, and isomerization of galactose to rare sugars was continuously performed under subcritical conditions at 120-150 degrees C with the reaction time (RT) between 3-37 min. Isomerization produced rare sugars (tagatose, talose, and sorbose). At 135 degrees C and RT= 6 min, the maximum yield of tagatose (14.5 %) was achieved. Compared to this result, the yield of tagatose was lower at 150 degrees C or 120 degrees C, and the yield of byproducts was also especially lower at 120 degrees C. However, when RT was prolonged to 37 min at 120 degrees C, the yield of tagatose improved to about 10 %, while the formation of byproducts was kept under control. Furthermore, during the continuous use of the reactor (up to 30 h), the yield of byproducts significantly decreased with increasing usage time. Therefore, it was suggested that continuous contact of eggshell with the reaction mixture may change properties of the powder and affect the isomerization behavior of galactose. Although the eggshell powder became light brown after use for the reaction, an apparent change of the surface could not be observed by scanning electron microscope

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edited by FUJIKURA Tetsur