Excavation Report of the Ulaan Bulag site in Mongolia

日本語版ファイル一部差し替え、目次、英語版ファイル追加(2025-05-07)ページ数は日本語版のページ数を入力しています。英語版は1ページから41ページです。I. はじめに [1]II. 位置と環境 [2]1. 遺跡の位置 [2]2. 調査の歴史 [2]III. 発掘調査 [4]1. 遺跡全体と調査した墓について [4]2. 1号墓の調査 [7]3. 2号墓の調査 [14]4. 3号墓の調査 [24]IV. おわりに [37

<The Analysis of Unearthed Materials>Human Skeletal Remains Unearthed from the Ulaan Bulag Xiongnu Burial Site

英語版ファイル追加(2025-05-07)ページ数は日本語版のページ数を入力しています。英語版は45ページから61ページです

Phenotypic Characterization of Astringent Persimmon Lines with Recessive Homozygosity at the Marker Locus

Persimmon fruit synthesizes and accumulates proanthocyanidins (PAs), resulting in its astringent taste. The pollination-constant and non-astringent (PCNA) trait is conferred by recessive alleles at the () locus, which has been exploited to control PA accumulation of persimmon fruit. However, some individuals with recessive homozygosity at the marker locus in breeding populations produce mature fruit with astringency, thereby reducing the marker-selection efficiency for the PCNA trait. In this study, we genetically and physiologically characterized the predicted -homozygous individuals exhibiting strong astringency in a cross population of ‘Taigetsu’ (non-PCNA) and ‘Kanshu' (PCNA). The fruit PA content of these astringent individuals was higher than that of the other PCNA fruit, but lower than that of the non-PCNA fruit. These astringent individuals were similar to the other PCNA plants in terms of tannin cell size. Gene expression analysis revealed that PA synthesis-related genes (e.g., 4, 1, and ) were expressed at a higher level in the astringent individuals than in the other PCNA fruit during the early fruit development stage. Furthermore, in the presumed -homozygous individuals with various PA contents, the expression of cellular function-related genes was highly correlated with PA accumulation. These genes may be important for tannin cell development and PA synthesis, potentially offering a novel approach to further modulate astringency in persimmons

Mouse colorectal cancer organoids: Lessons from syngeneic and orthotopic transplantation systems

Colorectal cancer (CRC) organoids provide more accurate and tissue-relevant models compared to conventional two-dimensional cultured cell cultures. Mouse CRC organoids, in particular, offer unique advantages over their human counterparts, as they can be transplanted into immunocompetent mice. These syngeneic transplantation models create a robust system for studying cancer biology in the immunocompetent tumor microenvironment (TME). This article discusses the development and applications of these organoid systems, emphasizing their capacity to faithfully recapitulate in vivo tumor progression, metastasis, and the immune landscape

Association between acetabular coverage over femoral head and rate of joint space narrowing in non-arthritic hips

Aims: This study was performed to investigate the association between the acetabular morphology and the joint space narrowing rate (JSNR) in the non-arthritic hip. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed standing whole-leg radiographs of patients who underwent knee arthroplasty from February 2012 to March 2020 at our institute. Patients with a history of hip surgery, Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥ II hip osteoarthritis, or rheumatoid arthritis were excluded. The hip JSNR was measured, and the normalized JSNR (nJSNR) was calculated by calibrating the joint space width with the size of the femoral head in 395 patients (790 hips) with a mean age of 73.7 years (SD 8.6). The effects of the lateral centre-edge angle (CEA) and acetabular roof obliquity (ARO) in the standing and supine positions were examined using a multivariate regression model. Results: The mean JSNR and nJSNR were 0.115 mm/year (SD 0.181) and 2.451 mm/year (SD 3.956), respectively. Multivariate regressions showed that older age was associated with a larger nJSNR (p = 0.010, standardized coefficient (SC) 0.096). The quadratic curve approximation showed that the joint space narrowing was smallest when the CEA was approximately 31.9°. This optimal CEA was the same in the standing and supine positions. Multivariate regressions were separately performed for joints with a CEA of 31.9°. When the CEA was 31.9°, a larger CEA was associated with a larger nJSNR (p = 0.012, SC 0.152). The ARO was not associated with the nJSNR. Conclusion: Both insufficient coverage and over-coverage of the acetabulum over the femoral head were associated with increased joint space narrowing in hips that were non-arthritic at baseline. The effects of insufficient coverage were stronger than those of overcoverage

Association among parents' stress recovery experiences, parenting practices, and children's behavioral problems: a cross-sectional study

Background Parents can experience much stress from parenting, work, and household responsibilities. Parents’ stress recovery experiences, or their lack thereof, can affect parenting practices and influence children’s behavioral problems, which may thereby lead to difficulties for children later in life. Therefore, the relationships among these three factors deserve consideration. This study tested a model of the mediating role of parenting practices in the relationship between parents’ stress recovery experiences and children’s behavioral problems. Methods Parents (N = 1, 112) of 14-year-old children in the third year of junior high school in Japan completed a questionnaire, yielding 583 valid responses. To accurately determine the relationship among parents’ stress recovery experiences, parenting practices, and children’s behavioral problems, parents of children diagnosed with developmental disabilities and parents who did not respond to the required items in the questionnaire were excluded from the analysis. As a result, 536 of the 583 (89.0%) parents met the inclusion criteria. We conducted a path analysis, following the hypothesis that parents’ stress recovery experiences, via their parenting practices, are associated with children’s behavioral problems. Results The path analysis results indicated that parents’ stress recovery experiences of relaxation and mastery were positively associated with positive nurturing attitudes, whereas mastery and control were negatively associated with negative nurturing attitudes. Furthermore, positive nurturing attitudes were negatively associated with externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors, whereas negative nurturing attitudes were positively associated with externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors. In other words, the hypothesis that parents’ stress recovery experiences of relaxation, mastery, and control reduce children’s behavioral problems via promoting nurturing parental attitudes was supported. Conclusions The results indicate that the higher the level of parents’ stress recovery experiences, the lower the level of reported children’s behavioral problems. Parents’ stress recovery experiences correlated with parenting practices, which partially mediated the relationship of the parents’ stress recovery with children’s behavioral problems. The suggestion is that increasing parents’ stress recovery experiences, improving parenting practices and related behaviors, and strengthening the parent–child relationship are important measures that can be mutually beneficial for parents, children, and the overall family relationship

Fine-tuning of dopamine receptor signaling with aripiprazole counteracts ketamine's dissociative action, but not its antidepressant effect

Ketamine, a rapid-acting antidepressant, has undesirable psychotomimetic effects, including a dissociative effect. There is currently no effective strategy to suppress these side effects while preserving its antidepressant effect. Here, we investigated the effects of a D2/D3 receptor antagonist and partial agonists on the psychotomimetic and antidepressant effects of ketamine in mice and humans. Aripiprazole, a partial agonist, attenuated the psychotomimetic effect, but maintaining and even enhancing the antidepressant-like effect of ketamine in the forced swim test, whereas raclopride, an antagonist, suppressed both effects in mice. Brain-wide Fos mapping and its network analysis suggested the ventral tegmental area (VTA) as a critical region for distinguishing the effects of aripiprazole and raclopride. In the chronic stress model, local infusion of raclopride into the VTA inhibited ketamine's antidepressant-like effect, accompanied by activation of dopaminergic neurons, suggesting the inhibitory effect of VTA activation on the antidepressant-like effect of ketamine. Consistently, systemic injections of raclopride and brexpiprazole, a partial agonist similar to aripiprazole but closer to an antagonist (lower Eₘₐₓ), activated dopaminergic neurons in the VTA and suppressed ketamine's antidepressant-like effect in the model when co-administered with ketamine, whereas aripiprazole didn’t. In line with these results, in a single-arm, double-blinded clinical study of sequential treatments in depressed patients (N = 9), co-administration of 12 mg of aripiprazole suppressed the dissociative symptoms induced by ketamine while maintaining its antidepressant effects. Together, these findings suggest that fine-tuning dopamine receptor signaling with aripiprazole allows selective suppression of ketamine-induced dissociation preserving its antidepressant effects, and that the combined use of aripiprazole and ketamine may be a preferred therapy for treatment-resistant depression

ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE CENTER FOR THE EVOLUTIONARY ORIGINS OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR, KYOTO UNIVERSITY Vol. 2

1. 巻頭言 [1]2. センターの概要2.1 組織2.1.1 組織の概要 [2]2.1.2 構成員の内訳 [3]2.1.3 センター員一覧 [3]2.2 予算概況 [6]2.2.1 予算概要 [6]2.2.2 研究費・事業費・寄付金 [6]2.3 図書 [13]2.4 サル類飼育頭数・動態 [14]2.5 資試料 [15]2.6 人事異動 [16]2.7 海外渡航 [16]2.8 非常勤講師 [18]2.9 リサーチ・アシスタント（RA） [18]2.10 ティーチング・アシスタント（TA） [18]2.11 年間スケジュール [19]3. 研究教育活動3.1 研究分野及び附属施設3.1.1 高次脳機能分野 [20]3.1.1.1 神経科学グループ [20]3.1.1, 2 行動科学グループ [22]3.1.1.3 生体機構グループ [24]3.1.2 統合脳システム分野 [26]3.1.3 ゲノム進化分野 [29]3.1.4 高田研究室 [32]3.2 附属施設3.2.1 人類進化モデル研究センター [34]3.2.2 国際共同先端研究センター [36]3.3 交流協定 [38]3.4 学位取得者と論文題目 [39]3.5 外国人研究員 [39]3.6 日本人研究員・研修員 [39]3.7 霊長類学総合ゼミナール [40]4. 未踏科学4.1 多階層ネットワーク研究ユニット [42]5. 広報活動5.1 犬山キャンパス一般公開 [43]5.2 オープンキャンパス・大学院ガイダンス [43]6. ナショナルバイオリソースプロジェクト (NBRP)6.1 「ニホンザル」 [44]7. 共同利用研究7.1 一般研究7.1.1 概要 [44]7.1.2 研究成果 [44]7.2 共用研究機器・資試料利用 [47