遠心模型実験および個別要素法を用いたベンチカット斜面の静的・耐震的レトロフィット

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(工学)甲第25948号工博第5313号京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻(主査)教授 肥後 陽介, 教授 渦岡 良介, 准教授 ZHU Fan学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering)Kyoto UniversityDFA

What drives risky eating behavior: Applying an extended theory of planned behavior to raw or undercooked chicken consumption in Japan

High-risk eating behavior, including the consumption of rare hamburgers and undercooked chicken as gourmet dishes, is a public health concern. Identifying the factors associated with such consumers' risky-eating behaviors is necessary to develop effective risk communication strategies. However, previous studies have primarily focused on undercooked meat resulting from mishandling during preparation, with few addressing the consumption of risky foods and its determinants. This study aimed to identify the determinants of intention and behavior regarding the consumption of raw or undercooked chicken meat, as an example of high-risk food consumption, in Japanese consumers. The theory of planned behavior was employed and extended by incorporating knowledge, risk perception, and trust while distinguishing between attitudes/subjective norms toward eating and avoiding raw chicken. Data were collected through an online survey of 601 men and women living in the Kanto, Kansai, and Kyushu areas of Japan and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The empirical results indicated that the main predictors of the intention to eat raw or undercooked chicken are attitude and descriptive norms. Moreover, attitudes, intentions, and behaviors are not determined by knowledge but are partly influenced by trust and risk perception. The discussion examines these findings in terms of risk communication strategies

DPRI Newsletter No.108

[02]新たな言葉が社会にもたらす効果と影響/ 松田曜子 [03]非日常な洪水災害を日常のものに/ 田中智大 [04]社会のレジリエンス ―災害からの復興―/ 牧紀男 [05]地震・津波災害の「レジリエンス」とは？/ 伊藤喜宏 [06]土砂災害を未然に防ぐためには/ 松澤真 [07]日常生活を早期に回復できるレジリエントな社会への投資/ 松島信一 [08]Building Disaster Resilience:Why Social Equality Matters?/ サブハジョティ サマダール [09]災害調査報告 2024年9月21日に塚田川中流域で家屋流出が発生した地域の洪水氾濫/ 竹林洋史 [10]新スタッフ紹介 [11]受賞・表彰 [12]編集後記/ フローランス・ラウルナ [12

道徳的配慮を受けるロボット

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(情報学)甲第26134号情博第909号京都大学大学院情報学研究科社会情報学専攻(主査)教授 神田 崇行, 教授 伊藤 孝行, 教授 矢守 克也学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of InformaticsKyoto UniversityDGA

乳がん細胞において細胞老化はATP6AP2の減弱を介して細胞内酸性化とリソソームpHのアルカリ化を引き起こす

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(医学)甲第25863号医博第5148号京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻(主査)教授 小川 誠司, 教授 滝田 順子, 教授 濵﨑 洋子学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

ギブス測度と特異確率偏微分方程式

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(理学)甲第25780号理博第5091号京都大学大学院理学研究科数学・数理解析専攻(主査)教授 楠岡 誠一郎, 教授 塚本 真輝, 教授 日野 正訓学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

Sucrose-preferring gut microbes prevent host obesity by producing exopolysaccharides

甘いもの好きの人の肥満を抑える腸内細菌の発見 --肥満や糖尿病などの代謝性疾患予防・治療法の開発応用に期待-- . 京都大学プレスリリース. 2025-02-03Commensal bacteria affect host health by producing various metabolites from dietary carbohydrates via bacterial glycometabolism; however, the underlying mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, we identified Streptococcus salivarius as a unique anti-obesity commensal bacterium. We found that S. salivarius may prevent host obesity caused by excess sucrose intake via the exopolysaccharide (EPS) –short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) –carbohydrate metabolic axis in male mice. Healthy human donor-derived S. salivarius produced high EPS levels from sucrose but not from other sugars. S. salivarius abundance was significantly decreased in human donors with obesity compared with that in healthy donors, and the EPS–SCFA bacterial carbohydrate metabolic process was attenuated. Our findings reveal an important mechanism by which host–commensal interactions in glycometabolism affect energy regulation, suggesting an approach for preventing lifestyle-related diseases via prebiotics and probiotics by targeting bacteria and EPS metabolites

Brain network alterations in mobile phone use problem severity: A multimodal neuroimaging analysis

[Background and aims] Problematic mobile phone use can disrupt social interaction and well-being, potentially influencing cognitive processes. This study investigated whether mobile phone use problem severity is associated with alterations in the topological organization of brain networks. [Methods] Rs-fMRI and DTI data were collected from 81 healthy participants. Graph theory analyses were applied. The Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale-10 (MPPUS-10) was used to assess mobile phone use problem severity. Correlation analyses were conducted between each graph metric and questionnaire scores. [Results] MPPUS-10 scores correlated with global fMRI metrics: higher scores linked to longer shortest path length (reduced integration) and lower global efficiency (reduced information transfer). Conversely, higher MPPUS-10 scores were correlated with a greater clustering coefficient and higher local efficiency, which reflect increased local connectivity. Furthermore, higher MPPUS-10 scores were associated with a higher sigma value from DTI, indicating altered structural network properties. Some specific brain regions also showed significant correlations with MPPUS-10 scores. [Discussion and conclusion] These findings indicate that higher mobile phone use problem severity is associated with decreased integration and increased segregation of functional networks, alongside enhanced small-worldness in structural networks. Reduced integration aligns with addiction theories suggesting digital overload worsens network dysfunction, disrupting brain connectivity. Additionally, higher severity was correlated with altered connectivity in multiple regions, such as the precentral gyrus, supplementary motor area, and postcentral gyrus. These regions are associated with motor control, sensorimotor processing, and memory function. Further research is needed to explore whether these findings reflect shifts in the integration and integrity of brain information-processing modules

Estimating the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the older population using health screening data in Japan

[Background] In aging societies, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is expected to increase but may be underestimated because many asymptomatic patients remain undiagnosed. This study aimed to estimate the CKD prevalence among the general older population in Japan. [Methods] This cross-sectional study used health screening data from the Japan Health Insurance Association collected between April 2014 and March 2023. Data from older people aged 65-90 years who underwent renal function screening for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine protein tests were analyzed. CKD was defined as eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m² or proteinuria ≥ 1+ . Inverse probability weighting was used to account for the selection bias. The variables used for weighting were age, sex, insurance status, and the number of previous screenings. [Results] Among 2.98 million older individuals, 588, 809 (19.7%) had undergone screening (median [IQR] age, 69.9 [67.9-76.2] years, 337, 862 women [57.4%]). Regarding the weighted CKD prevalence, 25.3% of the individuals aged 65-90 years had CKD; 11.8% of those aged 65-75 years and 34.6% of those aged 75 years and over showed an increase in prevalence with age. Among the patients with CKD, over half exhibited mild renal dysfunction without proteinuria. Hypertension and diabetes were common comorbidities in older patients with CKD. [Conclusions] This cross-sectional study revealed that the weighted prevalence of CKD in the older population aged 65-90 years was high (one in four individuals), indicating that it increases with age. Further studies are required to examine the clinical significance of these findings