Necessity of Describing Relations between High School and University from the Perspective of Students

過去30年の高大接続の議論・政策に鑑みれば、現在、制度的には高大接続が間断なく可能になった。その上で本論文では、高校と大学の関係性をめぐる議論への新たな視点の提示を試みた。具体的には、高校と大学の関係性に関する先行研究や欧米における高等教育への移行研究の変遷を概観し「高校から大学への移行に際して困難を伴う学生の存在」及び「異質性を前提とした高校と大学の関係性」に批判的な視座を持つべきという示唆を得た。その上で、本論文では当事者の視点がもたらす必要性、及び、その視点への理解を促す学術的スタンスとしての現象学の重要性を示した。具体的には、研究者自身が内面を開示しながら、高校生・大学生の当事者視点を理解し、彼らの経験の意味・意義に迫り、本質観取を行う手法とその問いを例示した。この手法を用いて、「高校と大学の関係性」を帰納的かつ批判的に検討することが、本稿の議論を踏まえた筆者の次のステップとなる。Based on discussions and policies over the past 30 years, it is now systematically possible to smoothly connect high school and university. This paper presents a new perspective to discuss the relationship between high school and university. Specifically, through a review of previous research regarding to the relationship between high school and university in Japan and transition into higher education in an international context, it was suggested that a critical perspective should be taken on “the existence of students with difficulties when transitioning from high school to university” and “the relationship between high school and university based on heterogeneity”. The necessity of the perspective of the people involved (students) and the importance of phenomenology as an academic stance that promotes understanding of that perspective were also demonstrated. Specifically, the method and questions for approaching the meaning and significance of their lived experiences and attempting to grasp their essential nature were illustrated, by having the researchers themselves disclose their inner thoughts and understanding the students' perspectives. The next step is to use this method to critically and inductively consider the relationship between high school and university

京都大学総合博物館2021年度企画展「医師になる！京都大学の医学教育」 展示記録

開催期間: 2021年7月21日(水)--10月10日(日)会場: 京都大学総合博物館(京都市左京区吉田本町)主催: 京都大学総合博物館、京都大学大学院医学研究科・医学部医学科共催: 公益財団法人目黒寄生虫館＊本デジタル版では、会期中の講演会に関連したコラム『日韓における近代医学教育の歩み』Kyu won LEE (p.50)の追加・編集を行なった。本文ファイル差し替え(2025-04-23)表紙・目次 ほか展示概要 [2]展示記録: ご挨拶 [3]Zone1-1: 京都帝国大学創立以前の京都における医学教育の姿 [4]Zone1-2: 京都帝国大学医科大学の開設 [6]Zone2: 明治から昭和にかけての医学教育 [10]Zone3: 現在の京都大学の医学教育 [24]Zone4: 学生のキャリアパス [40]エピローグ [46]資料・奥付 [48

Two-step pragmatic subgroup discovery for heterogeneous treatment effects analyses: perspectives toward enhanced interpretability

効果の異質性を解釈するフレームワーク --機械学習を用いた解釈可能性のための実践的枠組みを提唱-- . 京都大学プレスリリース. 2025-03-10.Effect heterogeneity analyses using causal machine learning algorithms have gained popularity in recent years. However, the interpretation of estimated individualized effects requires caution because insights from these data-driven approaches might be misaligned with the contextual needs of a human audience. Thus, a practical framework that integrates advanced machine learning methods and decision-making remains critically needed to achieve effective implementation and scientific communication. We introduce a 2-step framework to identify characteristics associated with substantial effect heterogeneity in a practically relevant format. The proposed framework applies distinct sets of covariates for (i) estimation of individualized effects and (ii) subgroup discovery and shows the subgroups with heterogeneity based on highly interpretable if-then rules. By referring to existing metrics of interpretability, we describe how each step contributes to leveraging a theoretical advantage of machine learning models while creating an interpretable and practically relevant framework. We applied the pragmatic subgroup discovery framework for the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) trial to assess practically relevant and comprehensive insights into the effect heterogeneities of intense lifestyle intervention for individuals with diabetes on cardiovascular mortality. Our analysis identified (i) individuals with history of cardiovascular disease and myocardial infarction had the least benefit from the intervention, while (ii) individuals with no history of cardiovascular diseases and HbA1c < 7% received the highest benefit. In summary, our practical framework for heterogeneous effects discovery could be a generic strategy to ensure both effective implementation and scientific communication when applying machine learning algorithms in epidemiological research

都市間高速道路における対面通行規制時の交通容量と戦略的な工事計画に関する研究

京都大学新制・論文博士博士(工学)乙第13663号論工博第4217号新制||工||2009(附属図書館)(主査)教授 宇野 伸宏, 教授 山田 忠史, 教授 大庭 哲治学位規則第4条第2項該当Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering)Kyoto UniversityDFA

近世フランス王権と周辺世界――王国と帝国のあいだ

京都大学新制・論文博士博士(文学)乙第13659号論文博第675号新制||文||749(附属図書館)京都大学大学院文学研究科西洋史学専攻(主査)教授 金澤 周作, 教授 小山 哲, 講師 安平 弦司, 教授 南川 高志学位規則第4条第2項該当Doctor of LettersKyoto UniversityDGA

Effects of Physical Activity on Mental Health via Inflammatory Response Mechanisms: Approach to Mental Health Problems from an Evolutionary and Adaptive Perspective

現代日本では精神的不調を訴える人が増加していることが社会問題となっている．その背景には，近代的な生活様式と，適応進化の過程で獲得した身体機能の間にミスマッチが生じていることが原因の一つである可能性がある．代表的なミスマッチとして，身体活動不足がある．先進国の人々の身体活動量は，現存する狩猟採集民と比較して大幅に少ない．この身体活動不足は身体の慢性炎症と関係し，さらに，慢性炎症は気分の低下や精神障碍の発症をまねくとされる．反対に，身体活動は抗炎症作用を介して，精神的不調の予防や改善に有用であることが期待される．炎症は生物学的に根底的な機能であるため，身体活動は，多様な人々に広く適応可能な精神的不調改善のための応用に繋がる可能性がある．しかし，身体活動は，強度が高いと最中・直後に負の感情変化をもたらし得る．この機序における炎症反応の役割は明らかではない．このことは当該分野に残された課題である．The increasing number of people suffering from mental health issues has become a social problem in Japan. One possible cause of these mental health problems is a mismatch between the modern lifestyle and physical functions developed through adaptive evolution. A typical example of this mismatch is the lack of physical activity. The physical activity levels of people in developed countries are much lower than those of present-day hunter-gatherer societies. This physical inactivity is associated with chronic inflammation in the body, which may have a negative impact on mood and mental health disorders. Conversely, physical activity is thought to be beneficial for preventing and alleviating mental health problems through its anti-inflammatory effects. As inflammation is a fundamental biological function, physical activity may have the potential to improve mental health across diverse populations. However, high-intensity physical activity can lead to negative emotional changes during or immediately after the activity. The role of the inflammatory response in this mechanism remains unclear

Expatriates' Cultural Intelligence Mediates the Relationship Between Lifestyle and Performance: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis and a Longitudinal Pilot Study

Introduction Cultural intelligence (CQ) has been attracting increasing attention in recent years as a necessary caability for adapting to a different culture and improving expatriate performance (EP). However, the methods for improving this intelligence have not been fully elucidated, and in particular, the relationship with lifestyle (LS) has hardly been clarified. Methods In this paper, we therefore conducted a cross-sectional analysis using questionnaire response data obtained from 184 Japanese expatriates working for Japanese subsidiaries overseas in Study 1, and in Study 2, we measured changes in 15 of them as an exploratory pilot study after using a smartphone app with health promotion functions for two weeks. Results The results showed that CQ mediated the relationship between LS and EP in both Study 1 and Study 2. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that a health science approach that improves LS can be effective in improving the EP of businesspeople working in different cultural environments through improving their CQ

Topology optimization for nonlocal elastoplasticity at finite strain

This study is dedicated to the formulation of finite strain nonlocal elastoplastic topology optimization. In the primal problem, we employ the standard hyperelastic constitutive law and the Voce hardening laws to describe the elastoplastic response, the latter of which is enhanced by the micromorphic regularization to address the mesh-dependent issue of the finite element method or mesh-based methods. For the optimization problem, the objective function accommodates multiple objectives by writing it as the summation of several sub-functions. The continuous adjoint method is adopted for formulating the adjoint problem; therefore, the corresponding governing equations are written in a continuous manner, like the primal problem. Thus, these equations are independent of employed discretization methods and can be implemented into various simulation methodologies. In addition, the derived sensitivity is substituted into the reaction–diffusion equation to realize the update of the design variable. Both single-material (ersatz and genuine materials) and two-material (matrix and inclusion materials) topology optimizations are presented to demonstrate the promise and performance of the formulation. In particular, we discuss what values of material parameters should be given to the ersatz material, how the material nonlinearity affects the optimization result, and how the optimization trend alters by giving different values of weights of the objective function