Fabrication of nickel oxide/copper cobaltite/graphene quantum dot conductive ink as an electrode material for selective electrochemical detection of epinephrine

ABSTRACT Wearable sensors and flexible electrodes are key components of point-of-care systems, facilitating enhanced accessibility and personalization in health monitoring. These technologies permit individuals to oversee their health status and enable healthcare professionals to remotely and in real time monitor patients’ health status more effectively. In this study, paper-based flexible screen-printed electrodes were constructed for the electro chemical determination of epinephrine (EP), which is crucial in the diagnosis of various diseases, with high selectivity and low detection limits. In a novel approach, nickel oxide (NiO), graphene quantum dots (GQD), and copper cobaltite (CuCo2O4) were employed in conjunctions for the first time in the development of conductive ink. The large surface area and high electrical conductivity of GQD, when combined with the electrocatalytic properties of NiO and CuCo2O4, resulted in the creation of a more efficient electroactive environment for electrochemical EP determination. The differential pulse voltammetry technique enabled the attainment of a limit of detection (LOD) of 11.66 nM within the 500–10 µM and 2–0.02 µM linear ranges. The reduction peak current of EP was examined throughout the analysis to eliminate the effects of possible interference species that may be present in real samples. Furthermore, the stable structures of GQDs and copper cobaltite enhanced the long-term performance of the sensors, and the combination of these materials increased the reproducibility and reliability of the sensors. Subsequently, the efficacy of the sensor was evaluated using real samples, specifically artificial sweat, and urine. The developed NiO/CuCo2O4/GQD/G/SPE sensor demonstrated satisfactory recovery values, with 94.5–110.5 %

Patterns of balancing and compensating primary tooth extractions among paediatric dentists

Abstract Introduction Balancing and compensating extractions (BCEs) of primary teeth aims to minimise the development of more severe malocclusions and reduce the need for subsequent complex orthodontics. Purpose To assess the demographics, practice characteristics and clinical preferences of United Kingdom paediatric dentists for BCEs of primary teeth. Methods All members of the British Society of Paediatric Dentistry were sent an electronic questionnaire. Questions offered frequency options (always/frequently, often/sometimes and rarely/never) for a range of clinical scenarios in patients up to five years and between 6–9 years. Results Of the 288 specialists invited, 67 (23.3%) completed the questionnaire. Respondents were mostly female (n= 55; 82.1%), with most working in secondary care (n= 51; 77.3%). The majority (n= 54; 81.8%) supported the application of guidelines. A total of 39 paediatric dentists (58.2%) always/frequently encountered BCEs, with 31 (46.2%) performing BCEs in over 40 patients in the past year. Additionally, 40 respondents (59.7%) reported always/ frequently complying with guidelines. Data from 65 respondents indicates that 83.6% (n= 56) rarely/never made referrals to an orthodontist, while 65.7% (n= 44) rarely/never consulted an orthodontist (p<0.001). Conclusions There was variation across clinical scenarios, with good adherence to guidelines in BCEs of primary teeth among paediatric dentists. However, there was limited interdisciplinary collaboration with orthodontist

Palladium (II)-NNN Pincer Complex Embedded Carbon Felt Electrode for High-Performance Symmetrical Supercapacitor Applications

Abstract Pincer-type ligands are coated on the carbon felt (CF) surface in one step via the electrodeposition method, and their use as supercapacitor electrode materials is reported for the first time in this research study. Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis and mapping, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are used to characterize the bis(pyridyl) iminoisoindoline (BPI) derivates/CF electrodes. The galvanostatic charge-discharge study indicates that the calculated specific capacitance (Cs) of the PdBPI/CF electrode is 271.2 F g-1 at 1.0 mA current. The symmetrical supercapacitor has a high capacitance retention of up to 80.6% after 10 000 cycles, showing extended cycle life and strong electrochemical stability. The highest energy and power density values obtained for the PdBPI/CF symmetric supercapacitor are calculated to be 25.9 Wh kg-1 and 981.8 W kg-1, respectively

Corrigendum to “Effect of manufacturing trinomial and preparation design on the fabrication and fit accuracy of additively and subtractively manufactured resin-based overlay restorations

[Journal of Dentistry 157 (2025) 105687

Olfactory implants: international opinion paper on emerging technologies and clinical applications

Abstract Olfactory dysfunction affects a large proportion of the general population and causes significant personal and societal burden. At present, there are limited treatment options available. Though as yet experimental and untested in people, olfactory implants are a novel form of neuroprosthesis, modelled on existing implants for other sensory deficits such as hearing loss. Advances in this field have been rapid, yet there have been no unified efforts to collate current knowledge or guide such advances towards maximum patient benefit. In this Opinion Paper, leaders in the field have come together to provide an overview of current and emerging knowledge and technology relating to olfactory implants. In an effort to guide innovation towards maximum patient benefit, we also provide expert agreed statements on theoretical clinical aspects of olfactory implantation, including patient se- lection, implantation sites and potential complications, as well as post-implantation support requirements. Technical aspects will be discussed, with a clinical, device orientated focus. Finally, the ethics of olfactory implantation will be considered. We hope this document will serve as a useful roadmap to guide future clinical and basic research in the field

AI-driven predictions of mathematical problem-solving beliefs: fuzzy logic, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems, and artificial neural networks

Abstract Featured Application: This study demonstrates the applicability of artificial intelligence methods, such as fuzzy logic, artificial neural network (ANFIS), and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANN), in predicting mathematical problem-solving beliefs (MPSBs). The proposed models can be utilized in educational settings to identify and support teachers or students with specific belief patterns, thereby enabling tailored interventions to enhance problem-solving skills. Additionally, the integration of AI techniques into educational research paves the way for innovative approaches to studying cognitive and behavioral traits. Considering that creative thinkers are individuals who can think outside of the box, exhibit original thoughts, and demonstrate problem-solving skills, it is likely that there is a relationship between mathematical problem-solving beliefs (MPSBs) and creative thinking dispositions (CTDs). This study aimed to predict teachers' MPSBs with their CTDs and some demographic features. Three different artificial intelligence models (fuzzy logic, artificial neural network (ANN), and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)) were developed, and artificial data were obtained. The inputs of the research were determined as CTD, gender, age, educational level, school level, and teaching experiences, and the output was determined as MPSBs. Afterward, whether there was a relationship between real and artificial results was examined with statistical analysis. The research results show that there is a statistically significant, positive, and moderate relationship between artificial ANN MPSB scores and real MPSB scores (r = 0.422; p < 0.05), as well as artificial ANFIS MPSB scores and real MPSB scores (r = 0.564; p < 0.05). These results are important sources of evidence indicating that artificial intelligence methods accurately predict teachers' MPSB scores

The effect of high-intensity versus photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) on the regeneration of the sciatic nerve following crush injury: an animal study

Abstract The purpose of this research was to evaluate the therapeutics effects of photobiomodulation and high intensity laser therapy after a sciatic nerve crush injury. Following the crush injuries of sciatic nerve, 33 rats were randomly divided into three groups. The injured sciatic nerves of the rats in the control group were left to heal spontaneously, whereas HILT (120 J/session and 1064 nm) and photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) (2.4 J/session and 650 nm) were started immediately after surgery and performed once every 3 days (10 session in total) during the postoperative period. Electrophysiological evaluations were conducted before surgery and at the end of the healing period. The Sciatic Functional Index (SFI) was assessed before surgery and at the end of the healing period. The ratio of the inner axonal diameter to the total outer axonal diameter (g-ratio) and schwann cells per square micrometer were histomorphometrically evaluated. At the end of the 30-day healing period, significantly better SFI scores were noted in the HILT group compared with PBM (p=0.002) and control (p < 0.001) groups. HILT exhibited positive effects on latency and duration values when compared PBM (p=0.002, p=0.014) and control (p=0.003, p < 0.001) groups. The number of nerves with an optimum g-ratio was higher in the HILT group which indicates a better rate of myelination. Functional, histomorphometric, and electrophysiological investigations of the present study revealed that HILT seems to be a superior treatment modality for peripheral nerve regeneration

Calcium Sulfate Bone Substitutes in Clinical Use: History, Material Properties, Application, and Outlook for the Future

Abstract Calcium sulfate-based materials have been used in medicine since the 19th century. Their application makes a significant part in the field of bone regeneration in biomedical engineering. Calcium sulfate is a versatile product that is used not only in the reconstruction of bone defects but also as an antibiotic carrier. Various types of calcium sulfate-based bone grafts have demonstrated their safety, well-tolerance, biodegradability, and osteoconductive properties, making them a potential substitute for autogenous bone transplant in the treatment of bone defects. Calcium sulfate and different-sized calcium sulfate beads can be produced and loaded with different antimicrobial substances. High concentrations of antimicrobial agents can be obtained by applying these locally to affected tissue. This review aims to (1) highlight the development and milestones already achieved in the use of calcium sulfate products and (2) outline the material properties and application areas with their related advantages and disadvantages of calcium sulfate products. Lastly, (3) an outlook for the future of calcium sulfate-based biomaterials is given

Effect of polydopamine surface treatment on the mechanical properties of zirconia and resin occlusal veneers fabricated using additive and subtractive manufacturing: An in vitro study

ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the influence of polydopamine (PDA) treatment on bond strength, fracture, and wear resistance of occlusal veneers (OVs) fabricated using additive (AM) and subtractive manufacturing (SM) techniques. Methods: Three hundred twenty 0.5 mm-thick OVs were fabricated through AM and SM and from four groups of materials (n = 80): AM ceramic-filled resin (AM-C), AM zirconia (AM-Z), SM nano-ceramic resin (SM-C), and SM zirconia (SM-Z). Each group was further divided into PDA-treated and untreated subgroups (n = 40). Specimens were cemented onto resin dies using self-curing resin cement (Multilink N; Ivoclar Vivadent) and subjected to five million chewing cycles with thermal cycling. Fracture and wear resistance were assessed using a load-tofailure test and 3D surface analysis, respectively (n = 20). Additionally, bond strength was evaluated using a pull-out test (n = 20). Data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA to assess the main and interaction effects of material, manufacturing technique, and PDA treatment (α=0.05). Results: Significant main effects of manufacturing technique, material type, and PDA treatment were found for all outcomes (p<.001), along with significant manufacturing × PDA interactions. PDA notably improved fracture resistance and bond strength in AM-Z and AM-C (p<.05), but had minimal effect on SM groups. Wear was significantly reduced in AM groups following PDA (p<.001), while SM-C showed a slight increase (p=.021). Among all groups, untreated AM-C demonstrated the weakest overall mechanical performance. Conclusions: PDA treatment enhanced fracture and bond strength in AM materials, with limited effect on SM ceramics. Milled zirconia showed the best overall performance, while untreated AM-C consistently performed the worst. Clinical Relevance: Polydopamine surface treatment enhances the mechanical performance of occlusal veneers fabricated by additive manufacturing, particularly improving bond strength and fracture resistance. This approach may increase the clinical reliability of 3D-printed restorations, especially in thin, conservative designs

Stochastic gompertzian model for parathyroid tumor growth

Abstract In this paper, we study on the behavior and growth of parathyroid tumor in the human body. We investigate the change of parathyroid cancer cell with respect to time, obtained from the deterministic Gompertz model through 41 actual patients in the literature. Then we describe the stochastic Gompertz model based on deterministic Gompertz law and obtain the diffusion coefficient for our stochastic model, using the data taken from the patients. We compare the stochastic and deterministic results at the same graph. Also, we numerically solve the defined stochastic differential using the Euler-Maruyama, Milstein, stochastic Runge-Kutta, and Taylor methods. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of each of these methods using graphs and error table