Pharmacologic Aspect of Neuropathic Pain

Neuropathic pain is pain arising from nerve damage to the conductive pathways of pain (ranging from nociceptors to post central gyrus). Neuropathic pain can be caused by 1) Carcinomas, 2) Trap/compressive, 3) Congenital, 4) Immunomediated, 5) Infection, 6) Metabolic disorders, 7) nutritional deficiency, 8) Toxin, 9) Lesion, 10) Vasculitis, 11). Connective tissue disorders. To date, the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain can not be explained thoroughly, this problem leads to the treatment which has not given satisfactory results as expected. There are many types of drugs has been used for the treatment of neuropathic pain, and they are generally aimed to stop the flow of impulses in the nervous system which was activated as a result of ectopic generators in areas experiencing nerve injury. These drugs work in several locations such as: drugs that works on 'sodium channel voltage gate' (i.e Carbamazepine group), drugs that works on 'calcium channel' (i.e Gabapentin and Pregabalin), and also drugs that works on the synapses gap (i.e Tricyclic class). Besides drugs that inhibit pain impulses propagation, the treatment of neuropathic pain also include drugs that have the ability of nervous system regeneration such as methylcobalamin group. The rationale of the use of this kind of drugs is that this drug expected to regenerate the damage of the nervous system damage which is lead to decrease the ectopic generator activity, the end result is the reducement of neuropathic pain experienced by patient

LOSE WEIGHT AND PREVENT OBESITY BY AEROBIC GYMNASTICS

Aerobic gymnastics is a sport that is very popular in today's society, especially for those who want to lose or control body weight. But sports alone is not enough to lose weight and it must be coupled with good eating pattern settings. The problem is many of us are very difficult to control our diet and it needs to be analyzed further. This research aims to carry out an analysisof the influence of aerobic gymnastics to weight loss without diet interventions given. The subject was 15 women, aged 20-25 years old, have a normal body weight. The intervention provided in the form of gymnastic aerobics three times a week, performed for 45-minutes practice session, and each was given for 1 month. This research was a quasi experimental research with one group pretest-posttest design. Weight measurement was done before and after aerobic gymnastics given. The results indicated that the aerobic gymnastics for 1 month losing 0.73% of body weight, but the decline was not statistically meaningful. This showed that aerobic gymnastics for 1 month for women in the age 20-25 years has started to give response, but the duration has not been enough to lose significantly of body weight. It was concluded that in order to lose or control body weight, besides takes aerobic gymnastics with the duration of up to 1 month, it has to accompany with diet arrangement. This would give effect to prevent overweight and obesit

THE DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF SEAGRASS IN KARANG TIRTA BEACH PADANG CITY, WEST SUMATERA

Diversity and Distribution of Seagrass in Karang Tirta Beach Padang City, West Sumatera was conducted from April to June 2011. This study was intended to analyze the diversity, distribution pattern, coverage, composition and structure community of seagrass in Karang Tirta beach. Measurement of distribution aspect was analyzed with line transect method and sample of seagrass collected by using squares plot 0.5 x 0.5 m. Approximately 12 ha total of seagrass was estimated in various areas, such as: intertidal zone of tourism area, people settlement and mangrove zone. Seagrass distribution pattern was grouping category, and it was found 2 of 13 Species from Family Hidrocharitaceae of Indonesian seagrass exist, they were Thalassia hemprichii about 1.59 and Enhalus acoroides about 9.95. They were included into poor seagrass category with coverage ranged between 21.11% for T. hemprichii and 5.66% for E. acoroides. The highest species density was T. hemprichii (309.2 ind/m2) with appearance frequency value 100% and important value 252. The lowest species density was E. acoroides (7.73 ind/m2) with appearance frequency value 33.33% and important value 48

Screening of Degenerative Diseases and Quality of Life among Elderly People in Posyandu Lansia Medan Amplas Sub-Districts, Medan

The number of elderly people in Indonesia from year to year is increasing in line with increasing life expectancy. The number of elderly people reached 7.56% of the population. Certainly, the increase in the elderly population will be followed by an increased risk for the elderly to suffer from degenerative diseases. This study aimed to assess the role of degenerative disease screening and health counseling to the quality of life of the elderly in the health post (Posyandu Lansia). This study was a descriptive analytic with prospective approach by assessing 100 elderly people. Screenings done for examination of blood pressure, blood sugar level, cholesterol level, uric acid level, and urine protein. Assessment of quality of life done by using questionnaire of WHOQOL. The elderly in Posyandu Lansia were educated in accordance with the results of the screening and followed up for 4 months. Screening results showed that most elderly people had high blood pressure (89% had high systolic blood pressure and 70% had high diastolic blood pressure). As much as 55% of elderly people had cholesterol levels 200 mg/dl, while blood sugar levels as 200 mg/dl were 20% of the elderly and only 20% of respondents who had uric acid levels that exceed normal limits (8,5mg/dl). As many as 13 of respondents indicated a positive result in urine protein. Assessment of the quality of life of elderly based on the score at first examination obtained a mean of 88.26 9.1. Regarding general health status, 21% of elderly felt less satisfied, 47% declared that their health status in normal conditions and 32% felt satisfied with their current health status. The score of quality of life after receiving counseling, obtained a mean of 89.31 7.8. Assessment of general health status showed only 11% of elderly declared unsatisfactory health status. Result of t test showed that there was a significant difference between score of quality of life before and after screening degenerative diseases (p0.05). Screening of degenerative diseases showed a majority of the elderly had a potential risk to suffer from degenerative diseases. Prevention through screening and health counseling particularly in Posyandu Lansia can reduce morbidity and mortality in elderly, and therefore it will improve quality of life for the elderl

Rejuvenation and Characterization of Local Rice Germplasm (Orya sativa L.) Under Organic Cultivation Syste

The research was carried out to rejuvenate and evaluate the performances of plant characters of rice genotyps to produce a pure lines that are suitable for organic cultivation method. Thirty genotypes of the selected local rice were conducted to evaluate the phenotype performances under the organic cultivation method. The rice genotypes were utilized in this experiment to evaluate their morpho-agronomic characters under organic cultivation system. Characterization of seed performances of each accession was described and catalogued to identify their accession traits. In addition, genotypic differences and similarities were also characterized and catalogued. Duplicate accessions were eliminated from the same variety or nearly identical variants of a variety. The morpho-agronomic performances of plant height, number of tillers, lifespan, number of panicles, filled grains per spike, 1000 grains weight, grain yield potential, and harvest index were clearly affected by the genotype. The results showed that the genotypes were greatly varied the morphoagronomic performances. , if organic system was applied, it was found that the responses of rice growth and yield of local varieties of Aceh is better than rice varieties cultivated by the national and introduction genotype

Production and Physiological Characters of Soybean Varieties Under Drought Stress with Application of Nitrogen Sources

Soybean is a legume sensitive to drought conditions resulting in decreased yield and seed quality. Drought stress on plants also inhibits nitrogen uptake. The objective of the research was to determine production and physiological characters of soybean varieties under drought stress through nutrient N management. This research used a randomized block design with 3 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was soybean varieties (Anjasmoro, Wilis and Sinabung). The second factor was drought stress conditions consisted of 50%, 60% , 70% and 80% of field capacity (FC). The third factor was the application of N consisted of (1). Without application of N fertilizer (control); (2). N fertilizer dose of recommendation (50 kg Urea/ha); (3). Inoculation of Bradyrhizobium sp. ; (4). Organic N sources (straw compost 10 tons/ha) ; (5). Organic N sources (farmyard manure 10 tons/ha). The results suggest that Anjasmoro variety improved dry weight of seed per plant compared with Willis and Sinabung. Increased drought stress ( 80-50 % of FC) resulted in a decrease in dry weight of seed per plant. Sources of N in the form of urea or Bradyrhizobium sp. increased the dry weight of seeds per plant compared with treatment N sources straw and manure compost. The interaction between Bradyrhizobium sp. or Urea and Anjasmoro variety improved dry weight of seeds per plan

THE CORRELATION BETWEEN DIETARY PATTERNS OF FOOD ANIMAL ORIGIN AND RISK OF BREAST CANCER IN BANDA ACEH

The research was aimed to investigate the correlationbetween food animal origin dietary patterns and breast cancer in Banda Aceh. This case-control study compared the dietary pattern of food animal origin between 45 breast cancer patients and 45 age-matched controls. Six dietary patterns were difined by food frequency questioner(FFQ): food animal origin, preserved of food animal origin, processing of food, fats andoils, vegetables and fruits patterns. Preserved of food animal origin were significantly associated with the incidence of breast cancer with an odds ratio (OR) 5.86 [95% confidence interval (CI) =1.49-21.65] respectively; p=0.013; while food animal origin, processing of food, fats and oils, vegetables and fruits dietary patterns were not associated with the incidence of breast cancer. The conclusion of the research that salt fish and keumamah play an important role of the associatio

The use of herbal medicine in children

The herbal medicine has been widely used in children for the treatment of several symptoms and the prevention of diseases before accessing the hospital for professionals help. There are 3 kinds of marketed herbal medicine including empirical based herbal medicine (jamu), standardized herbal medicine (obat herbal terstandar) and clininically tested herbal medicine (fitofarmaka). This study aimed to investigate the utilization of the marketed herbal medicine along with non marketed ones which was known as the Indonesian original herbal medicine (Obat Asli Indonesia, OAI) in children. The cross sectional study was conducted by interviewing 91 parents whose children were hospitalized in RSUD Meuraxa, Banda Aceh. The interview was conducted using a structured questionnaire from 4 to 29 September 2014. The result showed that the Indonesian original herbal medicine was used most frequently followed by herbal (jamu), standardized herbal and clininically tested herbal medicine. The utilization of herbal medicine was associated with the knowledge of parents and did not correlate to their economic level. All of the parents did not know the side effects of herbal medicine to their childrens body and few of them knew the indication of herbal remedies. Overall, it was concluded that eventhough the knowledge of parents about the safety and activity of herbal medicine was not sufficient the use of herbal medicine in children was commo

Genetic Characterization and Estimation Variety Eight of Papaya Genotype

Characterization and prediction of genetic diversity is one of the stages on the papaya plant breeding activities in obtaining the parent plant in accordance with a predetermined idiotipe. Karaktersasi doneafter exploration and germplasm collection is done. Currently the plant breeding laboratory studiesprogram Agrotechnology Faculty of Agriculture has some papaya genotypes were successfully collected is from the cross, a collection of some areas, collection of research centers Tropical Fruits IPB Bogor and Fruit Research Institute Solok. The general objective is to get a papaya plant breeding better varieties from existing varieties (new idiotipe). Papaya plant characteristics desired by idiotype is a strong plant, short stature and quick to bear fruit, tree hermaphrodite, not the formation of stamens karpeloid (imperfect) or sterile, resistant to pests and diseases and high production. Characteristics of preferred fruit is sweet, flavorful soft, smooth fruit skin, thick flesh is red, round cavity and its shelf-life longer. The study was conducted in Gardens Farmers in Saree Aceh Besar, using eight genotypes of papaya exploration results. Experiments using a completely randomized design were repeated three times. The parameters observed qualitative and quantitative characters on vegetative and generative phase. The results showed that genotype Calina have short stature and fast fruiting as well as high production potential. Merah delima genotype showed a slow germination and growth. From the eigth genotipe papaya tested showed high genetic diversity and high heritability. Therefore, the selection can be done in early generation

Enhance the Grouth and Flowering of Roses (Rosa galica L.) Due to Composted Waste Coffee Powder and Gibberellins Concentration

This study aims to determine the effect of composted waste coffee powder and gibberellins concentration on the growth and flowering of roses (Rosa galica L.) as well as the interaction between the two factors. Research conducted at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RAK) in factorial arrangement; there are two factors with three replications. The first factor is composted waste coffee powder consisting of: soil + composted waste coffee powder (1:1), soil + composted waste coffee powder (1:2), sand + composted waste coffee powder (1:1), sand + composted waste coffee powder (1:2). The second factor is the concentration of gibberellins consisting of: 0, 100, 200, and 300 ppm. The results showed that the composition of the growing media composted waste coffee powder has no significant effect on all parameters observed. Planting media composition tends to be better found in sand + composted waste coffee powder (1:1). The concentration gibberellin very significant effect on the number of branches at the age of 60 days after planting (DAP), significant effect on plant height, stem diameter and number of rose plants flower, at the age of 45 and 60 DAP. The best growth and flowering of roses was found on concentration of 200 ppm gibberellin. There was no significant interaction between composted waste coffee powder with gibberellin concentration on all parameters observe