Reusing Coal Waste as a Blending Material for Hollow Block Production to Boost Circular Economic of FABA

In the world and Indonesia, coal is one of the primary fuel sources for steam power plants (PLTU). This is due to the shrinking and increasing prices of fuel oil. With the abundance of coal energy sources, it continues to be used as the primary energy source for power plants in Indonesia. The economic efficiency obtained can reach 80% compared to the use of solar. However, Fly ash and Bottom ash (FABA), or solid waste produced from the coal combustion process at the PLTU, contains many inorganic minerals, which can pollute the environment, such as air and soil pollution. Conventionally, regarding economic law, Construction and Demolition (C and D) in the circulation system between materials and products must have zero material value and no longer produce residual waste in final disposal. This research implements Circular Economy (CE) to minimize the negative impact of FABA on the environment at PLTU. The experiment used FABA Coal as a mixed material to make Hollow Blocks with six combinations of sizes. The results obtained, the greater the percentage of FABA used, can minimize production costs and improve the quality of hollow blocks. From an economic cost analysis, using FABA for mixed materials for open block production will provide 55% greater economic benefits and 34.67% higher quality Hollow blocks compared to the composition of materials without FABA mixture

Development Strategy for Talang Semut Areas as a Heritage Tourism Destination in Palembang

Talang Semut in the city of Palembang was designed by Thomas Karsten during the Dutch East Indies administration as a garden city for Palembang residents of European descent. In addition to a settlement, public and urban social facilities, including churches, hotels, swimming pools, and retention pools to prevent flooding, were constructed in this area. The architecture of the buildings in Talang Semut is distinct from local architecture due to the influence of Indies architecture and modern architecture (de Stijl). As a historic district in Palembang, Talang Semut continues to expand and attract increasing numbers of tourists. The general public, especially building owners, does not correctly comprehend the growth of the Talang Semut neighborhood, which undermines its status as a historic district. In addition, there is no clear direction or strategy for preserving and promoting Talang Semut as a heritage tourism attraction. This study aims to examine initiatives to prevent harm and loss of historical significance and the creation of heritage tourism sites. Observation, interviews, documentation, and questionnaires are used to collect data for this descriptive quantitative study. The results of this study reveal that the community does not see Talang Semut as a heritage region that must be maintained in addition to its development as a tourism attraction. Land conversion and building facade modifications will continue. This study concludes that immediate technical and non-technical measures must be taken to prevent damage to the Talang Semut region. In addition to a more organized management structure, the Talang Semut area must be directed to enhance and add supporting amenities to become a heritage tourism destination

Imputing Rainfall Data for Flood Simulation in Citarum River, West Java

The central role of the Citarum River as a buffer to meet the needs of agricultural irrigation, industrial activities, and raw water in the six surrounding districts, including 80% of the population of Jakarta, has experienced a decline in conditions from up-downstream. That way, a lot of data is available regarding the adaptation of floods, drought, and other water source functions for an integrated concept for Citarum. The focus of the study is in the Central Citarum Zone by using 5 and 10 years of rainfall intensity (time series), actualizing the runoff coefficient, Intensity Duration Frequency (IDF) modeling to the formulation of the peak runoff discharge. This achievement is realized by applying Gumbel's Method and Mononobe's Equation and optimizing the 2D HEC-RAS software. Experimental data from 2010 to 2019 indicated that November was the highest rainfall of 448.07 mm/hour, while the lowest was in July with a value of 52.50 mm/hour. The simulation results show an increase in flow rate up to 11%, which means it affects the river's capacity to accommodate the overflow load. Furthermore, this simulation is equipped with a map of the flood-affected areas with a peak discharge scenario in November

Sedimentation Rate in Sub River Flows Musi PLTA Intake Area

The quality of a watershed can be seen from the discharge of the river flow. Watershed quality can also be seen from the sedimentation found in river water flows and river bodies. Sedimentation is sediment produced by the erosion process carried by the flow and deposited in a place where the water velocity is smaller than the settling velocity. This research was conducted in the intake area of the Musi Hydroelectric Watershed, Ujan Mas District, Kepahiang Regency, Bengkulu Province in August – October 2022. This study used hydrographic and bathymetric survey methods. The results of research on sedimentation using bathymetric maps and the results of sub- bottom profiling in the intake corridor area of the Musi Hydroelectric Power Plant (up to approximately 500 m from the weir), it is known that an average thickness of 1.7 meters near the intake pond (south side) and is getting higher up to 2.5 meters thick to the north or upstream of the river. The thickness of the sediment tends to thicken towards the east or along the riverbank with an average thickness of 2 meters, while in the west it tends to be thinner, with an average of 1.8–2.0 meters. Based on the results of the grab sampler, the type of sediment layer is sandy silt

Trends of The Phytoplankton Community And Physical Chemical Factors As Determinants of Pollution Level In The Electric Steam Power Plant (ESPP) Teluk Sirih Waters

The existence of the Electric Steam Power Plant (ESPP) in Teluk Sirih located on the seafront will certainly have an impact on changes in environmental factors such as physical, chemical and biological factors, because the water needed for the ESPP operational process comes from sea water. Changes in the physicochemical factors of sea surface water due to ESPP activity will affect organisms in these waters, one of which is phytoplankton. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to look at changes or trends in the phytoplankton community and its relation to pollution by the physics and chemistry of the waters around the ESPP Teluk Sirih. This research was conducted from June 2019 to June 2021, sampling was carried out annually for three years. This study used a purposive sampling method and plankton sampling using a plankton net horizontally, then the samples were taken to the laboratory for identification. Sampling of water physics and chemistry was carried out in situ and ex-situ, namely by being preserved for further transport to the laboratory. The results of this study indicate the trend of phytoplankton fluctuating from the number of abundance, taxa and diversity index. This is because the physicochemical factor also fluctuates, there is one parameter above the quality standard, namely phenol whose levels are more than 0.02 mg/l. However, it can be concluded that the condition of the waters in the ESPP Teluk Sirih is still in quite good condition

Oxoplastics, Bioplastics, and their Potential of Microplastics Generation (Case Study: Indonesia)

Plastics are still becoming popular topic in public news. This was initiated by some sea-animals that was trapped by plastic straws, plastic fishing net, and the other plastic packaging. This plastics problem are starting to become global issue and escalate the awareness of people to reduce the plastics use. Some campaign of reducing plastic use are varied, such as starting a zero-waste lifestyle, banning plastics bags, and the other solution is using degradable plastics. Unfortunately, some of the degradable plastics just become a label and only part of greenwashing product. With the increasing issue of microplastics, this degradable plastics is still seen to be skeptical from some academic perspective. The other solution that becoming popular is using biodegradable plastics or bioplastics. This bioplastic is said to be a better option because it is made from natural substrate that easily degrade, edible, and claimed to be safer for the environment. But this claim is still need further research and also standardization of biodegradability definition. This review will provide about the definition of biodegradable plastics, the differences between oxoplastic and bioplastics; the implementation of bioplastic or oxoplastic product in Indonesia, and issue related to microplastic generatio

Optimizing the Utilization of Swamp Lands for Urban Settlements in Kertapati District, Palembang

The water crisis caused by floods and droughts has become an urgent problem in many regions worldwide. To address these challenges, the provision of empty spaces for rainwater harvesting has been a focus of attention as a potential solution to reduce the adverse impacts of these extreme phenomena. The objective of this study is to explore and propose effective strategies for optimizing the utilization of swamp lands for urban settlements in the Kertapati District of Palembang. The research methodology involves quantitative and qualitative analyses of hydrological data and land use on a property in Bukit Lama IB I, Palembang, South Sumatra, who has implemented the rainwater harvesting system. The hydrological data includes rainfall, roof catchment area, yard area, and rainwater accumulation rates. The results of the study show that the provision of empty spaces for rainwater harvesting can significantly reduce the risks of floods and droughts. When heavy rainfall occurs, this system can retain excess rainwater, thereby reducing surface runoff volume and slowing the flow towards rivers. Additionally, the harvested water can serve as a reserve to cope with drought during the dry season. The research also identifies several critical factors influencing the effectiveness of the rainwater harvesting system, including infrastructure design and surrounding land use. In this context, collaboration between the government, communities, and the private sector becomes crucial in implementing this system widely and sustainably. In conclusion, the provision of empty spaces for rainwater harvesting has proven to be an effective approach in reducing the risks of floods and droughts. Facing increasingly complex climate change, it is essential for communities, governments, and other stakeholders to adopt and implement this system as part of a comprehensive strategy to manage water resources sustainably and protect the environment

Reinforcement of Bearing Capacity Foundation using Single Soil Column Method Fixed Diameter 3.2 cm with Calcium Carbide Residue (CCR) and Rice Husk Ash (RHA) Mixed Materials

Soil reinforcement method is one of the efforts to improve the technical properties of soil, such as soil bearing capacity, compressibility and permeability. The soil column method is one of the alternatives to improve physical properties by stabilization to improve soil bearing capacity. This research aims to increase the bearing capacity of the sole foundation by using the soil column method with a mixture of clay, 3% calcium carbide residue (CCR) and 12% Rice Hush Ash (RHA). This research was conducted experimentally in the laboratory using clay test specimens taken from Padamaran Village, OKI, South Sumatra Province, which were put into a test box with 1 m x 1 m x 1.4 m dimensions. The soil column modelling in this research used the soil column method. The soil column modelling in this study used a single column variation with a diameter of 3.2 cm with lengths of 40 cm, 46 cm, and 53 cm, respectively. The results are the clay foundation plate's ultimate soil bearing capacity (qu) before and after reinforcement with the soil column method. The bearing capacity of the footprint foundation plate on the largest clay soil occurs in the soil column variation with a length of 40 cm and a diameter of 3.2 cm, where the bearing capacity of the clay soil, which was originally 140 kPa increased to 21 kPa. In the experimental results of the loading test, the longer the column, the bearing capacity of the column decreases, which may have something to do with the slenderness factor of the column. The slimmer the column, the smaller the compressive strength of the column so that the tendency of the column to bend/collapse becomes greater. It happens because slender columns not only accept axial forces but also consider the addition of secondary moments due to the slenderness of the column. Then, the column cannot withstand the shear load due to the compacted clay soil around the column

Study of Medical Hazardous And Toxic (B3) Waste Management From Health Clinic

Medical waste is classified as hazardous and toxic material waste (B3) and the management of which is required to be carried by regulations established by the government. The goals of this study are to ascertain the quantity of B3 medical waste, to recognize B3 waste, and to acquire knowledge regarding the processes involved in managing B3 waste that is produced by clinical health activities. The study was conducted in one of the health clinics in Sri Katon Village, Buay Madang Timur District, East Ogan Komering Ulu Regency (East OKU), South Sumatra Province, from October to November 2021. Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that the health clinic's B3 waste management activities, including storage, supporting facilities, and infrastructure, comply all applicable B3 waste management laws and regulations. Waste management and storage activities commence with the identification of B3 waste, the storage procedure, and the packaging of B3 waste. Additional management activities in partnership with the third license

Analysis of Soil Characteristics by Layer Based on the Robertson Et Al and Schmertmann Method from CPT (Cone Penetration Test)

Soil is the sub-base where the building structure is located, and the soil classification differs for each layer. There are many cases of failure in building construction due to poor soil, causing the building structure to crack and even collapse, which causes damage to the building - material and also dangerous for the building occupants. For this reason, soil investigation is significant to conduct before constructing the upper structure. One of them is the Sondir test. However, when the sondir data analysis of the qc and FR values are obtained, the Robertson et al method and the Schmertmann method will show the result of soil layer classification before construction begins. The research was located in a specific area, Bengkalis Road, Belawan Medan City, and North Sumatra. The research suggests that the soil in this location is predominantly soft with low shear resistance (qc ranging from 0 - 5 kg/m2), clay type, and depths of 6 - 7 meters. Due to these soil conditions, there are certain considerations and precautions that need to be taken into account if you plan to build on this land. One of them, soil improvement is given the soft and low shear resistance characteristics of the soil, its techniques may be necessary before construction. The suggested depth for the pile foundation is 10 - 20 meters. The actual depth would depend on factors such as the specific characteristics of the soil layers and the weight of the planned structure