MoUs

5

Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx extract alters inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress biomarkers and hematological parameters in paradoxically sleep-deprived adult female Wistar rats

331-343Sleep deprivation negatively impacts well-being including increased stress levels, reduced cognitive performance and weakened immune systems. Twenty five female Wistar rats weighing 150–200 g were split into five groups of five rats each. Group I served as the normal control, while Group II was the negative control (sleep-deprived untreated). Groups III, IV, and V were administered varying doses of the HS extract via gavage at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively. The animals were anaesthetized and sacrificed, and blood samples were collected for biochemical assessment. HS notably reduced oxidative stress (P< 0.05) by improving the activities of key enzymatic antioxidants, including SOD, GPx, and CAT, while lowering ROS production in comparison to the SD-untreated group. Additionally, HS treatment led to a significant increase (P< 0.05) in the levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), alongside a marked decrease in TNF-alpha levels when compared to the SD-untreated groups. The study demonstrated that HS treatment significantly (P< 0.05) improved hematological indices. In conclusion, HS extract modulates oxidative stress and inflammation via its effect on key antioxidant enzymes; SOD, GPx and CAT, inflammatory biomarkers; IL-10 and TNF-alpha as well as BDNF. It also improves hematological indices in female sleep-deprived animals

Innovating Beauty: Unveiling the Role of Patents in the Cosmetic Industry

383-396The cosmetics industry, once largely based in traditional herbal formulations, has undergone a paradigm shift fuelled by technological developments and constant consumer demands for efficacy. This paper presents a study on the multifaceted changes occurring in the cosmetics sector, focusing on the pivotal roles played by patents in product development and protection. The research design involves a comprehensive approach, blending doctrinal research with a systematic review of literature. A detailed examination of global patent databases provides insights into current innovations and the competitive landscape of the cosmetics industry. The data show that patents are concentrated among key stakeholders, reflecting the competitive nature of the sector. The dynamic aspect of the cosmetics market is reflected in ongoing advancements in active herbal cosmetics, cosmeceuticals, and nutraceuticals. Owing to the availability of effective cosmetics notable shift in consumer preferences is observed towards high-performance cosmetic products. In conclusion, this paper contributes valuable insights into the intersection of patents and the cosmetics industry. The study underscores the critical roles of patents in navigating innovation and market competition

Machine Learning-based Predictive Models for Early Diagnosis of Liver Disease

575-583Liver disease is a major global health issue, contributing to nearly 2 million deaths annually. Early detection is crucial, yet traditional diagnostic methods are invasive and costly. This study proposes a machine learning-based framework for liver disease diagnosis using 30,690 patient records, incorporating demographic details, liver enzyme levels, and bilirubin measurements. The methodology includes data preprocessing, feature selection, and model evaluation across 13 machine learning algorithms. Key predictive features—Total Bilirubin, Direct Bilirubin, SGPT, SGOT, and Alkaline Phosphatase— were identified using Chi-squared test, ANOVA F-value, Mutual Information, and Random Forest Importance. Among the models, Decision Tree, Bagging Classifier, and XGBoost demonstrated superior performance, achieving over 99% accuracy. The Decision Tree model exhibited the highest computational efficiency (0.0009 seconds prediction time), making it ideal for real-time clinical applications. The study underscores the potential of machine learning in non-invasive, scalable, and accurate liver disease diagnostics. Future work includes extending the model for personalized medicine and advanced liver disease subtypes

नई बीटा-पीढ़ी का तकनीकी दौर

19-2

Optimization of the extraction process of antioxidant compositions from Glycyrrhiza uralensis using the response surface method

307-314This study aimed to optimise and evaluate the antioxidant activity of Glycyrrhiza uralensis root extract using a simple heating method. The optimisation of extraction conditions was conducted using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and a Box-Behnken design (BBD), focusing on variables such as temperature, ethanol concentration, extraction time, and solvent-to-material ratio. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were used as response variables. The optimal extraction conditions were determined to be a temperature of 58°C, ethanol concentration of 56%, a liquid-to-solid ratio of 30 mL/g, and an extraction time of 190 minutes, resulting in TPC and TFC values of 158.81 mg GAE/g and 122.15 mg QE/g, respectively. The extract exhibited considerable DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging effects. These findings suggest that the optimized extraction method not only simplifies the process but also enhances the scalability and cost-effectiveness of industrial applications

The inclusivity of system of measurement of space & proportion in Silpa-Sastras

416-431The system of measurement of space and proportion with respect to human being, i.e., anthropometry, have always played a vital role in design; be it architectural design, product design, furniture design or any other design. Any design or product is considered good if it suits the user's anthropometry well. But presently, the system of measurement is fixed irrespective of the user. Through extensive literature study, it has been found that during the ancient and medieval times in India, system of measurement was derived from the user, making every product anthropometrically perfect. The instances of this are found in ancient treatises like Manasara, Mayamatam, Vishwakarma Vastusastram, Samarangana Sutradhara, Visnudharmottara-Purana, etc. On the other hand, in the ancient Rome, architect and military engineer Marcus Vitruvius Pollio in his book De architectura mentioned the perfect man of one size. Following the ideologies of Vitruvius, Italian polymath Leonardo da Vinci & Swiss-born French architect Le-Corbusier in the renaissance & modern era respectively also spoke of perfect man of one size. Da Vinci depicted it in his famous artwork The Vitruvian Man and Corbusier in his book Le Modulor. The main objective of this paper is to carry out a comparative study between the Silpa-Sastras & European system of measurement of space with respect to anthropometry. Initial findings suggest that both these systems of space measurement are derived from human dimensions and co-relate. Further, the inclusive approach of Silpa-Sastras, as presented in this paper, made the system of measurement and proportion more holistic in their outlook which could guide the perfect design of any entity for greater mass

Ontological Framework for S. R. Ranganathan’s Theory of the Origin of Knowledge: Unveiling the Structural Essence of the “Brain Chamber” Concept

151-161Creating an ontology on any subject is complex and intellectually demanding, requiring great attention to detail. This study attempts to develop an ontology (Brain Chamber Ontology) centred around S. R. Ranganathan’s Theory of the Origin of Knowledge and the concept of the Brain Chamber, as given in his seminal book, Prolegomena to Library Classification. The METHONTOLOGY approach, a mature ontology development method, was employed to achieve this. The created ontology was subjected to rigorous evaluation to ascertain its efficacy. SPARQL queries were formulated to assess the ontology’s performance, gauging its ability to provide meaningful answers. Additionally, the quality of the ontology was measured using the FOCA methodology. The built-in reasoners played a crucial role in verifying the internal consistency of the ontology. Its performance in responding to SPARQL queries suggests a robust representation of Ranganathan’s Theory of the Origin of Knowledge. Furthermore, applying the FOCA methodology underscored the ontology’s quality and adherence to established standards

An Encyclopaedia in the Making: Unlocking the Benefits of HCA

20-2

I have a ‘Good Cancer’

36-4