Determinants of credit risk: Evidence from Commercial Banks in Malaysia

The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between microeconomic factors with credit risk among selected commercial banks in Malaysia. For this purpose, a sample of seven out of 27 commercial banks in Malaysia was selected and the microeconomic factors affecting credit risk with six measurements of return on asset (ROA), bank size, leverage, the ratio of capital, interest income and return on equity (ROE) were examined by applying Panel Regression Fixed Effect (FE) Model for a period 20 years from 1998 to 2017. The scope of the study covers seven selected commercial banks in Malaysia namely: Affin Bank Berhad, Alliance Bank Malaysia Berhad, CIMB Bank Berhad, Hong Leong Bank Berhad, Malayan Banking Berhad, Public Bank Berhad and RHB Bank Berhad. This study is using credit risk proxy by non-performing loan for dependent variable while independent variables that have been selected were returned on asset (ROA), bank size, leverage, the ratio of capital, interest income and return on equity (ROE). The findings of the study managed to reject the null hypothesis for return on asset, bank size, leverage, interest income and return on equity which indicates the five microeconomic variables give a significant relationship with credit risk. There are positive relationships between leverage, interest income and return on equity with credit risk while return on asset, bank size and ratio of capital are negatively related to credit risk. However, the study fails to find any significant relationship between the ratio of capital and credit risk for commercial banks in Malaysia

Management of open angle glaucoma: focus on mechanisms of action and adverse drug reactions

?-adrenergic receptor blockers?-2 adrenergic receptor stimulantscarbonic anhydrase inhibitorsmuscarinic receptor stimulantsrho kinase inhibitors with regards to their mechanism/s of action and potential adverse drug reactions, and antiglaucoma fixed drug combinations

The applications of zero divisors of some finite rings of matrices in probability and graph theory

Let R be a finite ring. The zero divisors of R are defined as two nonzero elements of R, say x and y where xy = 0. Meanwhile, the probability that two random elements in a group commute is called the commutativity degree of the group. Some generalizations of this concept have been done on various groups, but not in rings. In this study, a variant of probability in rings which is the probability that two elements of a finite ring have product zero is determined for some ring of matrices over integers modulo n. The results are then applied into graph theory, specifically the zero divisor graph. This graph is defined as a graph where its vertices are zero divisors of R and two distinct vertices x and y are adjacent if and only if xy = 0. It is found that the zero divisor graph of R is a directed graph

Malaysian-Omani Historical and Cultural Relationship: In Context of Halwa Maskat and Baju Maskat

The current re-emergence of global maritime activity has sparked initiative from various nations in re-examining their socio-political and cultural position of the region. Often this self-reflection would involve the digging of the deeper origin and preceding past of a nation from historical references and various cultural heritage materials. From this, realisation of the pattern in maintaining an empire or enterprise from the immediate ancestral society could be turned into a model or benchmark in developing the present and future planning of the nation. In the context of Islamic civilisation development along the IndoPacific seaboard the Omani and Malay nations are the two integral entities that had assumed their central role as seafarers, traders, rulers, and travellers in maintaining the dynamics of the region and this happened as early as the Islamic period of the 9th and 10th century CE up till 16th and 19th century when series of European colonial infiltration disrupted greatly the balance of this classical network. The Kitab at-Tarikh Silsilah Negeri Kedah, for instance, presented a vivid story of an Omani captain and his ship in the early 1700s who had met Kedahan people. The cultural heritage of the Arabian Gulf brought mainly by the Omanis could even be found there such as a fabric product known as Baju Maskat and a kind of delicacy known as Halwa Maskat which signal that the cultural hegemony of the Omanis indeed exceeded their immediate political boundary

The pre-contractual duty of disclosure in the palestinian civil code draft and its role in maintaining economic contractual equilibrium

Many recent legislations and international principles tend to apply the pre-contractual duty of disclosure as one of the most substantial principles governing the pre-contracting phase, such as Article 1112-1 of the Amended French Civil Code of 2016, Article 1337 of the Amended Italian Civil Code and Article 13 of Chapter of the Common European Sales Law, etc. However, the Palestinian legislature has ignored enacting legal provisions imposing the precontractual duty of disclosure. In this regard, this paper suggests orientations for the formulation of the provisions of the pre-contractual duty of disclosure in the Palestinian Civil Code Draft (PDCC). To do so, a comparative analytical approach with the French Civil Code is used to illustrate the Palestinian legislative deficiencies and the urgent need to legislate a legal article which obligates the negotiating party to disclose any substantial information for the satisfaction of the other party. As such, the contractual equilibrium entails that the precontractual duty of disclosure has its own independent essence from all the theories that the jurisprudence adopted as a legal basis for this duty

Preliminary assessment on cocrystals of nicotinamide:cinnamic acid and nicotinamide:p-coumaric acid at different solvents and ratio

Cocrystal plays an important role in the pharmaceutical industry to improve the low solubility and bioavailability of drugs. In this study, the cocrystal formation screening was carried out for nicotinamide(NIC) as the API (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient) with two coformer