The Correlation between Individual and Environmental Hygiene and Pioderma Incidence An Analytical Observational Study in Pyoderma Patient in Islamic Sultan Agung Hospital during the Period August to December 2010

Background: Bacterial skin infection is the third most common health problem in Indonesia resulting from poor personal and environmental hygiene. The most common bacterial skin infection is the pyoderma. This study aims to find out relation between personal hygiene and environmental with the incidence of pyoderma in RSI Sultan Agung Semarang.Design and Methods: The study type was analytic observational with case control design. The sample consisted of 30 respondents RSI patients Sultan Agung for case group and 30 persons as control group is the neighbors of patients who have similar characteristics and are not suffering pyoderma. The data used are secondary data from medical records and primary data from questionnaires filled out by respondents, then the data were analyzed with chi-square and to determine the correlation power there was used a contingency coefficient test.Results: It was found that the good and the bad individual hygene for the case group were 3.3% and 66.7% respectively, while for the control group the good and bad individual hygene were 80.0% and 20.0% respectively. Chi-square test resulted in p=0,000 with contingency coefisien of 0.426. It was found that the good and the bad environmental hygene for the case group were 56.7% and 43.3% respectively, while for the control group the good and bad environmental hygene were 83.3% and 16.3% respectively. Chi-square test resulted in p=0,024 with contingency coefisien of 0.27.Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between the personal and environmental hygiene and poderma insicence at the RSI Sultan Agung with a moderate relationship between individual hygiene and weak relationship between environmental hygene (Sains Medika, 3(1):24-30)

Cytotoxic Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Sarang Semut (Myrmecodia pendens) on HeLa Cervix Cancer Cell Line In Vitro Experimental Study

Background: Sarang semut (Myrmecodia pendens) is a traditional plant that has been known to contain anti cancer components. Flavonoids and tannins were contained in sarang semut plant which are believed has cytotoxic effect against cancer cell line. This study aims at cytotoxic effect ethanolic extract of sarang semut at various concentrations on HeLa cervical cancer cell line.Design and Method: The method was quasi experimental with post test only non equivalent control group design. HeLa cell was divided into two groups. The first group as positive control with doxorubicin, second group as treatment with ethanolic extract of sarang semut at various concentrations. Ethanolic extract of sarang semut concentrations used were 3,91 μg/ml; 7,81 μg/ml; 15,63 μg/ml; 31,25 μg/ml; 62,50 μg/ml; 125 μg/ml; 250 μg/ml; 500 μg/ml; 1000 μg/ml. Cytotoxic effect was evaluated by direct counting method with tryphan blue dye then using probit regression analysis to find IC50 value.Result: Inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) value ethanol extract of sarang semut was 33,28 μg/ml. Ethanol extract of sarang semut had a cytotoxicity effect categorized as the moderately active (20 ìg/ml< IC50< 100ìg/ ml). Inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) value doxorubicin was 5,56 μg/ml. Cytotoxicity effect of doxorubisin higher than cytotoxicity effect of ethanolic extract of sarang semut.Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of sarang semut (Myrmecodia pendens) had a cytotoxic effect categorized as the moderately active on HeLa cell (Sains Medika, 3(2):112-120)

Fostering Medical Students’ Leadership and Team Building Skills and Respect toward Other Health Profession through Inter-Professional Education Analysis of Its Possible Application in Indonesian Medical Schools

Inter-professional learning is becoming a very hot issue in medical education field in Indonesia nowadays. Many medical faculties carried out discussions about this topic to consider the possibility to apply the method of learning in their own faculties. This writing is a critical review of an article concerning multiprofessional learning in medical field and an analysis of its possible implications to improve the quality f medical education in Indonesia (Sains Medika, 3(1):89-101)

Hyperexpression of TNF-Stimulated 6 (TSG-6) of HumanTracheal Aspirate and Bronchial Alveolar Lavage from Heavy-Smoker and Lung TB

Background: TSG-6, an inflamation-associated protein, forms covalent complexes with heavy-chains from TNF. These protein potentiating the antiplasmin activity of this serine protease inhibitor. The aim of study was to determine and show that TSG-6 are present in Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) from patients with lung TB and heavy smoker.Design and Methods: Experiments conducted in vitro with purified components revealed that TSG-6 had immunodetection in the Human Tracheal Aspirates (HTA) and BAL of heavy smoker and Lung Tuberculosis.Results: Immunoprecipitation revealed that TSG-6 accounts in airways hyperresponsiveness for significant proportion of BAL and HTA, but not in control (p < 0,01). TSG-6 relevant protease inhibitor in airway secretion. In primary cultures of differentiated human airway epithelial, which suggest that TSG-6 may be induced by TNF. Our results suggest that TSG-6 may play an important protective role in bronchial epithellium buy increasing the antiprotese screen on the airway lumen. The present study identifies a novel function of TSG-6 by a distinct mechanism system regulated, enhancement of anti TK activity, and provides a rational for this activity within the context of inflamed airways. These findings correlate with the observed increases in protein expressions in human HTA and BAL.Conclusions: TSG-6 are hyper-expressed in airway epithelial cells in cultures of smoker and lung TB. The interactions of TSG-6 with other molecules are also potentially important to the pathophysiologic aspects of inflammatory airways diseases that remain to be elucidated (Sains Medika, 3(1):31-40)

The Difference in The Effect Between The Oxygenated and Mineral Water on The O2 Saturation And Urine pH

Background: During exercise, oxygen decreases due to acidosis leading the production acid urine by kidney. Oxygenated water having capability to absorb more oxygen compared to mineral water is used to meet the oxygen need during exercise. This study investigated the effect of oxygenated water and mineral water on the O2 saturation and urine pH.Design and method: In this crossover study, 46 subjects were randomly assigned to either oxygenated water or mineral water for 24 hours followed by a crossover to the other regimen for an additional 24 hours of treatment. After 100 m sprint running for 20 minutes, the oxygen saturation and urine pH of the subjects were assessed.Result:The mean oxygen saturation before and after the treatment of oxygenated water were 96.78±1.32 and 97.61±0.93 respectively. The mean oxygen saturation before and after the mineral water treatment was 97.35±0.85 and 97.01±1.04 respectively. The urine pH after the administration of oxygenated water and mineral water were 6.643±0.69 and 6.585±0,58 respectively. Wilcoxon test resulted in no significant difference in pH after the treatment of oxygenated water and mineral water (p=0.498). Urine pH after the treatment of oxygenated water was found to be higher compared to that of mineral water.Conclusion: the oxygenated water increases the O2 saturation and urine pH compared to mineral water (Sains Medika, 3(2):162-167)

The Effect of Tempeh on the Ability of Macrophage Phagocytosis An experimental study in male Balb/c mice

Background: Consuming tempeh regularly increases the levels of isoflavones in the our body influencing the IFNã and macrophage activating factor (MAF) that lead to the in increase in the ability of macrophage phagocytosis. Macrophage phagocytosis gives an illustration of the macrophages ability as the first line of phagocytic cells to digest foreign particles. This study aims at finding out the influence of tempeh on the ability of macrophage phagocytosis.Design and Methods: In an experimental study using post test only control group design, 15 mice Balb/c were divided into 3 groups of 5 mice each. Gp1: 0.5 gr of tempeh juice, Gp2: 1 mg tablet imboost in 1 cc of water (positive control), Gp3: 1 cc of 1 times (negative control). Treatment was given daily for 12 days. On day 13, Phagocytic ability of macrophages were examined using latex beads method. Data were analyzed using one Kruskal Wallis test followed by Independent T-Test.Results: The phagocytic ability for the three groups were 760,6 -----± 109,898 ; 244.2 ± 70.159; 9.6 ± 2.839 respectively. Independent t- test resulted in the significance difference (p = 0.008) between treated groups and control groups, both positive and negative ones (p&lt;0,05).Conclusion: There is a difference in phagocytic ability between treatment and control groups (Sains Medika, 3(1):54-62)

Prevalence of Influenza Viruses (Influenza Like Illness) In Regional Laboratory Avian Influenza Semarang

Background: Influenza is the major health threat worldwide causing illness and death every year. However, data on the epidemiology of influenza in tropical countries, including Indonesia, are still limited. Up dated data for its prevalence is needed to monitor its spreading and to evaluate its outbreak. Therefore a working regional laboratory in surveillance of ILI (Influenza Like Illness) was formed. This research was conducted to provide updated data on prevalence of ILI in regional laboratorium avian influenza Semarang.Design and Method: Data from patients examined in the regional laboratory of avian influenza Semarang from April 2009 until December 2010 was collected. Samples were obtained from Malang sentinel, Yogyakarta sentinel and Semarang sentinel. Samples were examined using PCR to detect influenza A, influenza B, and swine flu.Result: out 1367 patients tested, 279 patients (20.41%) were from Yogyakarta sentinel, 619 patients (45.28%) were from Malang sentinel, and 467 patients (34.16%) were from Semarang sentinel. Flu A virus was detected in 117 patients (8.5%). Influenza B virus was found in 39 patients (2.8%). H1 virus was detected in 5 patients (0.36%). H3 virus was detected in 45 patients (3.29%). Swine flu virus was detected in 3 patients in Malang.Conclusion: The highest prevalence of flu A and flu B examined in avian influenza regional laboratory Semarang was from Semarang sentinel, followed by Yogyakarta sentinel and Malang (Sains Medika, 3(2):157-161)

Difference in the Number of Germs Before and After Hand Washing with Triclosan dan Cida-stat® Antiseptic An Experimental Study on Hand Washing of Nurses at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital

Background:a study conducted among 11 hospitals in DKI Jakarta in 2004 showed that 9.8% in-patient had nosocomial infections, the most common way in which germs spread is through personnel’s hands. Thus, hand washing and antiseptics play a significant role in the prevention of nosocomial infections Triclosan and Cidastat are the two antiseptics used in the Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital. The purpose of this study was to find out the difference in the number of germs on nurse’s hands using Triclosan and Cida-stat.Design and Method: This experimental study using pre and post test control group design used three treated groups; group A (treated with aquabidest), group B (treated with Triclosan), Group C (treated with Cidastat). The samples were palms of 12 nurses for in-patients in the Baitul Syifa ward and Arrijal of Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital.Result: One way anova showed a statistically significant different among the three treated groups with p value of 0.020 (0.05). The paired T test showed a significant difference between Triclosan and Cidastat group.Conclusion: There was no significant different in the number of germ before and after hand washing using Triclosan and Cida-stat antiseptics (Sains Medika, 2(2):163-169)