The Fermentation Time Effect against the Isoflavones Profiles of Genistein and Daidzein of Blacksoyghurt as a Potential Functional-Probiotic Drink

Blacksoyghurt is a fermented black soybean juice drink as a vegan probiotic product as an option as a substitute for dairy products. Black soybean glucoside isoflavone compounds are converted into aglycone compounds during the fermentation process which is antioxidant compounds. This study aims to determine the effect of fermentation time on the isoflavone profile of genistein and daidzein blacksoyghurt, as well as panelists' preferences as potential functional drinks. Blacksoyghurt was fermented with 5% lactic acid bacteria starter at 37°C for 0 hours, 3 hours, 6 hours, 9 hours, and 12 hours. The results of isoflavone, genistein, and daidzein profiles were analyzed by descriptive analysis using Microsoft Excel 19 for windows. LAB viability analysis was analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan's analysis to determine whether there was a significant difference in treatment at the

The Effect of pH on Contamination Reduction and Metabolite Contents in Mass Cultures of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis Gomont)

The microalgae Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis Gomont) is already cultured commercially using open ponds. The obstacle to mass cultivation of Spirulina is maintaining the monoculture without any contamination that can affect biomass products and their metabolites. The tolerance of Spirulina to environmental changes, such as changes in pH conditions, can be used as a method to overcome contamination in Spirulina mass cultivation. The growth contaminant can be avoided or controlled by giving mechanical stress by modifying the pH to alkaline levels. The efficient use of cost-effective materials in mass cultivation prevents contamination and maintains Spirulina's productivity. This study investigated the optimal pH parameters of 7–11 for 10 days. Cell density and dry biomass were measured daily using a hemocytometer and filter paper Whatman. The growth rate of contaminant microorganisms was carried out every five days along ten days of cultivation using the Total Plate Count (TPC) method. Using pH 9 effectively increased the cell density significantly (9.12±1.02%) and dry biomass (17.31±4.19 g.mL−1), reducing the contaminants in Spirulina mass cultures. The metabolite content was measured, including total protein using the Kjeldahl method, total lipid using the Soxhlet method, and pigmentations (such as chlorophyll, carotene, and phycocyanin) using spectrophotometry. The pH scale 8–10 can increase protein, lipid, and pigmentations. However, the pH 11 decreased almost entirely as a result of the metabolite contents of Spirulina

A Study on Computational Thinking for Major of Computer Science

Recent advances in artificial intelligence and Software have resulted in a paradigm shift in education, necessitating greater changes in educational methods and environments. Many countries worldwide have highlighted computational thinking as the core competence related to software education, leading to an increase in the number of studies focusing on computational thinking in Korea as well. Future demands must be analyzed, and curricula must be improved through in-depth education in computational thinking. Therefore, computational thinking curricula currently offered by universities for students majoring and not majoring in related fields must be reformed for precise educational goals. While research on computational thinking for non-major students has been consistently conducted, curricula for major students are inadequate, and there is a lack of learning opportunities because of the expectation that education on computational thinking for computer science major students will be naturally achieved. Thus, for the purpose of improving the computational thinking education for computer science major students, this study conducted a survey consisting of six questions on "perception of computational thinking" and 11 questions on "need of computational thinking" among 313 students majoring in computer science at a university in Korea. In the study results, 177 students (56.5%) answered "I do not know" for the question "I know what computational thinking is well enough," indicating that computational thinking education must be expanded and considered not only for non-computer science majors but also for computer science major students

The Assessment of Soil Quality and Earthworms as Bioindicators in the Alas Bromo Education Forest, Central Java, Indonesia

Understanding the environmental services provided by healthy forest ecosystems needs accurate soil quality (SQ) assessments. Selecting appropriate SQ indicators is one of the keys to the effectiveness of SQ assessment. Earthworms have the potential to be bioindicators of soil quality because they are sensitive to environmental changes. This study aims to assess the soil quality level and evaluate the potential of earthworms as bioindicators in six land covers at the Alas Bromo Education Forest of Universitas Sebelas Maret, namely: pine, pine-mahogany, mahogany, mixed, annual crops, and pine replanting. SQ assessment is measured by calculating the Soil Quality Index (SQI) using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with 10 Minimum Data Sets (MDS), namely: bulk density, earthworm abundance, C-organic, N-total, pH, porosity, exchangeable Al, cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (BS), and available K. Statistical analysis using ANOVA, Duncan’s Multiple Range Test, correlation, and regression. The results showed that land cover significantly (p-value < 0.01) affected SQI. The SQI for all land cover categories is poor, with the highest value on mixed land cover (0.36) and the lowest on pine-mahogany (0.31). The land cover also significantly (p-value < 0.01) affected earthworm abundance, with the highest on mixed land cover (365 individuals/m2) and the lowest on pine replanting (25 individuals/m2). Earthworm density as a determining indicator significantly correlated with SQI (r = 0.495) and contributed 24.5% to the SQI. Future research needs to test the effectiveness of earthworms as a bioindicator of soil quality in other land uses in different areas

Integrated Solid Waste Management System Using Distributed System Architecture for Indonesia: An IT Blueprint

Indonesia is in the top 5 country that generates solid waste. It is the 14th largest country in the world in managing waste, but unfortunately, Indonesia is not known for its diligence to waste management. In 2019, the coordinating minister for Maritime Affairs and Investment of the Republic of Indonesia, Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan, stated that it is a top priority in the national agenda to keep improving solid waste management due to the growing number of people living in the urban areas and the estimated 105.000 tons of solid waste a day. This paper aims to create an IT blueprint for this waste management through a distributed system that allows an optimum flow of waste out of dense urban centers and into the proper waste disposal facilities. It involves smarter waste surveillance, a consolidated fleet of collection agents of varying mobility and capacity and includes people participation to control unnecessary waste generation. The system should be scalable while using existing resources and systems to manage the problem in the long term. It should maintain the three principles of Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM): waste prevention, recycling, and disposal. New technologies, such as a sensor network to monitor waste generation close to the source, can help burgeon localized SWM techniques such as community composting. The country can take the steps necessary to mitigate the problem

Intention to Adopt Online Food Delivery Using Augmented Reality Mobile Apps: A Perspective of SOR Framework

Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected all sectors, including the food and beverage industry. The pandemic has changed customers' behavior from dine-in services to online food ordering systems. Technology advancements make ordering food easier with Online Food Delivery (OFD) service. However, before buying food online, consumers require a physical assessment to decide to buy the food or beverage. Augmented Reality (AR) is a popular technology to show 3D virtual elements. Meanwhile, the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) framework can be used to analyze consumers' behavior. More specifically, the SOR model has been used to evaluate the user's behavior intention to accept online shopping apps. However, in the OFD context, there is a lack of research investigating the customer's intention to use the AR app based on the SOR perspective. This study aims to assess the factors influencing consumers' intention to adopt augmented reality apps. 52 AR OFD app customers participate in this study. Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and SMARTPLS 3 was used to analyze the research model. This study evaluated from measurement and structural model. The measurement model using factor loading, Composite Reliability (CR), Average Variance Extracted (AVE), and heterotrait-monotrait (HTMT) ratio. The structural model assessed the variance inflation factor (VIF), R2, path coefficient (β), f2, and p-value. The results showed the significance of food image on hedonic, utilitarianism, and perceived informativeness. Furthermore, hedonism was the only determinant that positively influenced the customers' intention to use the AR OFD apps

On the Potential of Solar Energy for Chemical and Metal Manufacturing Plants in Malaysia

The manufacturing sector constitutes a cornerstone of Malaysia's economic landscape, significantly contributing to the nation's Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This pivotal role, however, is accompanied by substantial energy requirements, placing the manufacturing sector among the highest energy consumers across various industries in the country. This study primarily focuses on assessing the solar energy potential within the manufacturing sector. The objectives encompass two key facets: firstly, simulating the attainable energy yield from a photovoltaic (PV) system integrated into manufacturing industry facilities, and secondly, evaluating whether the PV system's generated electricity aligns with the energy requirements of selected manufacturing sectors, namely chemical and metal manufacturing plants. Sixteen companies have been selected from the chemical and metallurgical sectors for this study. The design process for the solar photovoltaic systems within these facilities necessitates determining the factory's location and rooftop area. Additionally, assessing the total savings is imperative to gauge the viability of the solar energy generated by these manufacturing plants. Among the 16 companies analyzed, intriguingly, 5 companies have demonstrated the capacity to fully transition to solar energy to cater to their energy needs. Notably, one of these companies can harness solar power to meet an impressive 179.91% of their energy demand by optimizing available space for solar power generation. This transition could potentially translate into substantial savings exceeding RM1 million in electricity costs

An Optimal Design of Grounding System for Tower Footings in Payakumbuh 150 kV Transmission Line of Koto Panjang

The 150 kV Koto Panjang – Payakumbuh transmission line has a line length of 86 km with 249 towers, and the occurrence of the back-flashover in their transmission line is 74%, indicated by the high tower footing resistance as that is >3 ohms. The type of rock on the transmission line and the location of the towers, 79% in hilly or mountainous terrains, are among the factors that can cause an increase in the resistance value. The results of this study indicate that the level of back-flashover affects the value of the tower footing resistance by considering the number of electrode installations. When the towers were installed with more electrodes, the value of tower footing resistance, back-flashover level, and insulator voltage could be reduced to less than half of the previous ones. Moreover, the occurrence of the back-flashover rate in each tower can be dropped to ≤ 1 back-flashover rate of 100-km/year. Each tower's soil resistivity value has grown, yet fewer back-flashover disruptions exist. The span's length causes this, as the shorter the span, the faster the reflected wave will travel. As a result, it can lower the voltage in the insulator and diminish the likelihood that a flashover would occur

Simulation of Single-Phase on-Grid Photovoltaic Inverter for Power Injection and Active Power Filter

Currently, most photovoltaic (PV) sources are connected to the grid. This research discusses single-phase on-grid PV inverters. A two-stage inverter which consisted of a boost-type DC-DC converter and a single-phase inverter, was used. In addition, the inverter improved the power quality to deliver PV maximum power. The entire power generated by PV was to be delivered to PCC, and power quality in PCC was also improved. In this system, the grid only drew or supplied active power. The P&O algorithm, as a simple algorithm, was used to control the boost converter to obtain the maximum PV power. In a single-phase inverter, the DC link voltage regulation was carried out using the PI control (outer loop), while the hysteresis control was used to control the output current (inner loop). The voltage control regulated the power delivered from the PV to the PCC by maintaining a constant DC bus voltage at the specified value. With the current control, a single-phase inverter provided two compensations: reactive power and harmonics. In this research, a simulation to control a two-stage inverter was created by using PSIM. Irradiation for PV was varied between 0-1000 W/m2 for 5 seconds. The simulation results showed that the controls performed could work well, as shown by the maximum power injection from the PV to the PCC in which the grid current was sinusoidal (harmonic mitigation) and reactive power compensation was performed

Improvement of a Code-Based Kartini Reactor Simulator for Education and Training

A code-based Kartini reactor simulator was improved as a facility for the human resource development of a nuclear reactor. The simulator simulates the plant dynamics regarding a change of a control rod position. Reactor operation parameter calculations of the reactor power, coolant flow, and fuel temperatures adopt a one-channel method with assumptions of homogeneous radial power distribution and a cosine function of the axial power distribution. Point reactor kinetics, radial conduction heat transfer, and mass and energy conservation are the calculation code's governing equations. Reactivity feedback due to the coolant density and fuel temperature changes are considered. Reactor pressure is fixed at 1 atm due to an open pool-type research reactor. A graphical user interface was developed to operate the simulator. The operation results of the simulator show that the power calculation agrees well with the experimental data. An accident of excess reactivity due to a control ejection is assumed to happen, causing a positive reactivity insertion of 1.11$. However, the safety criterion of the cladding temperature is satisfied due to the negative reactivity feedback. Besides, early application of 3D virtual reality was carried out to provide an immersive interaction between the users and the virtual Kartini reactor plant. The further development of integrating both the virtual reality and the simulator in the recent Kartini reactor-based internet reactor laboratory is interesting to provide a facility with features of remote as well as immersive education and training