EVALUASI TINGKAT KERUSAKAN JALAN DENGAN METHODE PAVEMENT CONDITION INDEX (PCI) UNTUK MENUNJANG PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN (Studi Kasus: Jalan Lingkar SeLatan, Yogyakarta)

Being functioned as the main transportation line for passengers and cargo, any distress on the pavement of South Ring Road in Yogyakarta requires rehabilitation to prevent severe condition. But before the rehabilitation is carried out, it is required to evaluate the road pavement condition. The objective of this study is to appraise or to value the road pavement condition. This research implementation was visually completed by using Pavement Condition Index Method. It was started by dividing the road into several research units in 100 x 3.5 m by size for each unit sample. Then, each of the research unit was observed and measured to identify the distress type and severity level in order to obtain PCI rating value of the pavement. Result of the study showed that the distress types included the alligator cracking, block cracking, depression, longitudinal and transverse cracking, patching, polished aggregate, shoving, slippage cracking and weathering/graveling. The prevailing ones were block cracking and alligator cracking. The damages occurred only on some parts of the segment. Therefore, it was better to adjust the treatment for such damage for the distress type. Treatment priorities should be given to sample unit 23 B (lane 1) due to its smallest PCI value, which was 22, with VERY POOR condition pavement rating

PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH KERTAS KORAN UNTUK PEMBUATAN PANEL PAPERCRETE

The availability of natured material for construction is so limited and in the other hand it’s demand increase. The consequence is try to explore alternative materials such as waste material which has not been explored as construction material. The recycled paper were chosen to be used as a filler component and mixed with cements as a bonding agent. Hence paper fiber include other paper ingredients will become construction material and at the same time to minimized the impact of waste paper to environment. One of the way to enhanced the paper and cements mixture quality as a component of concrete panel were by adding an admixture. Cements and water mixture are the bonding agent, while the filler material are paper and sugar cane admixture as the retarder. This mixture can be categorized as a light concrete. If it used as a papercrete panel will be the alternative building element to reduc dead load for the main structures. A light concrete panel from a mixture of news paper powder and white cement as a bonding agent, forms panel through cold pressed process. Papercrete panel and cube are made for sample with size 420 x 420 x 7 mm³ and 50 x 50 x 50 mm³ respectively. The volume ratio of paper - cements mixture were 2, 3, 4, are made of two condition i.e. without admixtures and with 0,2% sugar cane admixtures concentration by cement weight. The research will find out papercrete unit weight, flexural strength panel, cubical compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, water absorption and the price of concrete panel at every cubic and square meter. The result is concrete unit weight ranges from 840 - 933 kg/m³, the highest flexural strength papercrete panel reached at volume ratio of paper - cements mixture 2 with sugar admixture was 8,36 MPa. The highest the compressive strength reached at the volume ratio of paper – cements mixture 2 with sugar cane admixture was 2,48 MPa. The highest modulus of elasticity at the volume ratio of paper - cements mixture 3 with sugar admixture was 6,48 MPa with water absorption still above 50%. that is lower water absorption 56,93% at volume ratio of paper - cements mixture 2 with sugar cane admixture and the highest absorption at volume ratio of paper - cements mixture 4 was 84,23%. While the increasing of paper powder in mixture, concrete unit weight, flexural strenth, compressive strength and modulus of elasticity papercrete becoming lower with the increasing of water absorption. Addition of sugar cane 0,2% by cements weight haves an flexural strength improvement up to 7,66%, and enhanced compressive strength 50,24%, improvement concrete weight equal to 4,71% and reduced adsorption until 10,7%, but in papercrete product with sugar cane admixture doesn't have significant effect of production budget

KAJIAN GENANGAN BANJIR SUNGAI MUKE DI KABUPATEN TIMOR TENGAH SELATAN PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR DAN UPAYA PENGENDALIANYA

Muke River is an ephemeral river located in District of Timor Tengah Selatan, Nusa Tenggara Timur Province. Flood occurs during rainy season inundating farm land and residensial area. Previous work has been done by Petrus G Bay (2007) indicated that flood levee and river normalization, could not purent flood from flowing into river bank around Oebelo and Toineke villages. Present work deals with flood prevention by the use of retention area to reduce peak discharge and/or flood water level. Flood simulation was performed by the aid of HEC-RAS mathematical model. The result of simulation show that the main cause of flood retention is the limited flow capacity of the river. Under existing condition and Q10=575 m3/s, river bank overflows occurs in 83.4% of entire river reach. Three retention areas of 3 x 50 ha are proposed along Muke River. These can reduce the peak flow by 73% and river bank overflow by 69%

PENGARUH ANGKUTAN SEDIMEN DASAR (BED LOAD) TERHADAP DISTRIBUSI KECEPATAN GESEK ARAH TRANSVERSAL PADA ALIRAN SERAGAM SALURAN TERBUKA

In sediment transport problems, such as the initial motion of sediment particles, scouring process, degradation process, etc., the information about the wall shear velocity, u*, is often needed. How the wall shear velocity variates in transversal direction, as the function of slopes and discharges, either for flows with and without bed load transport will be studied. The wall shear velocities, u*, are evaluated using the Clauser’s method, which is based on the velocity distribution data, due to the simplicity and the accuracy of the method. Hundred and twenty five velocity distributions data with five different slopes and five different discharges are used to study the wall shear velocity in transversal direction. The results of analysis show that the Clauser’s method still remains valid, and can be used to determine the wall shear velocity in transversal direction, as long as the velocity distributions data n the near wall region still follow the logarithmic velocity distribution. Closer to the wall, the shear velocity becomes to decrease, which is not influenced by the existence of bed load transport, as well as by the variations of slopes and discharges variations

ANALISIS LIMPASAN LANGSUNG DENGAN MODEL DISTRIBUSI DAN KOMPOSIT

Hydrological models are classified as lumped and distributed. Lumped models ignore the spatial variability of precipitation, and other related processes. Even though lumped model are unable to account for internal variation of hydrological processes, they have the advantage of simplicity. Distributed hydrological model on the other hand account for spatial variation of hydrological processes and parameters. This type of model has the potential to give more accurate results but computationally more complex. The spatially distributed input and analysis required by spatially distributed model can be met by incorporating a system that can manage data on a grid basis. An approach to handle this problem is using geographic information system (GIS). The overall objective of this study was to comparing of distributed and composite model. The SCS curve number method also known as the hydrologic soil cover complex method, is widely used procedure for runoff estimation. This method includes several important properties of the watershed namely soil’s permeability, landuse and antecedent soil water conditions which are taken into consideration. Daily runoff calculations were generated using the SCS curve number method, its based on the retention parameter, S, initial abstractions, Ia (surface storage, interception, and infiltration prior to runoff), and daily rainfall, Rday. Ratio of initial abstraction (Ia) to retention parameter (S) called λ is changes from time to time. Because of its, the hydrology analysis to estimating direct runoff need calibrate for this parameter. Goodness of fit analysis is used to comparing of both, distributed model and composite model. The average of relatif error, correlation factor, and coefficient of determination, R2 for distributed model respectively are 25.70 %, 0.71 and 0.53, from composite model are 30.15 %, 0.66 and 0.44. The result from research is obtained that the distributed model is more accurate than composite model. The average initial abstraction ratio from distrubted model is 0.35 and composite model is 0.04

KAJIAN PENANGANAN SEDIMENTASI DENGAN WADUK PENAMPUNG SEDIMEN PADA BENDUNGAN SERBAGUNA WONOGIRI

High rate of sedimentation in Wonogiri Multipurpose Dam may cause the dam service period to become shorter than the prior plan. The discharge of Wonogiri Multipurpose Dam is an accumulation of inflow from several main rivers, including Keduang River which is located at the east side of the dam. Keduang River supplies very high sedimentation input to the reservoir. One of the steps studied and to be implemented in the sediment countermeasure was the building of sediment pocket dam in Keduang River mouth before it enters the reservoir. The research was conducted to determine the reservoir sedimentation before and after countermeasure through a mathematical model approach. It was done by doing flow and sediment transport simulation using the NCCHE-GUI Program to calculate deposition in the reservoir. Simulation was carried out in existing condition and the condition after the sediment pocket dam was built, with the assumption that discharge was evenly distributed for each month. This simplification method was applied in wich monthly simulation was done for one hour. Simulation result was then multiplied by the number of hours allocated per month to generate the result for one year period. Simulation result indicates that annually sedimentation reduction or net deposition is 30.41% in average after the treatment by sediment pocket dam. It is also identifed from the simulation result that the reduction is relatively small, since simulation was not performed up to the condition where the pocket dam was already filled up by sediment, in which the flushing process has not been optimally simulated

KUAT TEKAN BAMBU LAMINASI DAN APLIKASINYA PADA RUMAH TRADISIONAL BALI (BALE DAJE/BANDUNG)

Building material technological development recently is very fast, and in every technological innovation creation, it’s inspired by some of the main purpose, such as: cost efficiency, material use optimization, conservation and development of natural material, smart building material technology and ecologically friendly. Lamination bamboo technology is a product that can act as substitution material of wood that can be customized with the need. In the effort to support the innovation of lamination bamboo as a wood substitution in Balinese traditional building, the characteristic mechanics of lamination bamboo as column in supporting axial loading should be known. Lamination bamboo for the experiemnt was made in the form of column with two kind of longitudinal section dimension, size 20x20 mm with slenderness value (λ) of 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150, and size 120x120 mm with the length of 2400 mm (as the dimension in Balinese traditional building). The bamboo used were petung bamboo made of blade about 5x20 mm attached to glue of Urea Formaldehyde (UF) and pressed with a pressure of 2,0 MPa. The research stage was physical property test and the mechanic of petung bamboo material, and continued with a process of making the lamination bamboo column and carving. Pressure axial loading for testing of column the lamination bamboo used hinge placement bamboo until maximum loading, big deformation and not until collapse. The technological innovation of lamination bamboo was able to increased the pressure strength of blade until 36,02% compared to the bamboo material used. The role of glue and pressing given a substantial contribution on pressure strength of lamination bamboo, so besides having a capability to be made with dimension and form us want, lamination bamboo also had high pressure strength. Lamination bamboo pressure strength of petung bamboo in variety of slenderness had pressure strength less with the higher slenderness. The pressure voltage in the smallest slenderness, λ=50 is 60,093 MPa until the blade with the highest slenderness, λ=150 is 12,946 MPa while for the plain and carved structural model they were 25,578 MPa and 23,529 Mpa respectively. The formula of proposal in column pressure strength modeling of lamination bamboo material for for λ λb, σtk = (π2E)/λ r2. The treatment of carving in structural lamination bamboo column weakens the support to average axial load of 41,15% and the decrease of average pressure voltage of 8,009%

UNJUK KERJA ALTERNATIF PENGENDALIAN BANJIR BATANG ANAI DAN BATANG KANDIS SUMATERA BARAT

Flood occurs almost every year due to the floatation of Batang Anai and Batang Kandis. In 2001, the local authority made a plan to control the flood in both rivers, which was implemented in Anai-Kandis River Improvement with the alternatives of controlling flood by handling the river courses, such as improving and widening the river channel, and decreasing the peak of discharges by making dams or retarding basin. Performance of flood control structures are made of three alternatives based on the information gathered. First alternatives suggest for repairing the river course and widening the river channel (with levee) in both rivers and floodway in Batang Kandis. Second alternative is similar with the first alternative except negation the leeve in Batang Anai and replenishment of floodgate in Batang Kandis. Third alternative for Batang Anai is identical to the second alternative and also widening the river channel throughout Batang Kandis. The analysis includes the analysis of sufficiency of channel to drain the design discharge and sediment transport analysis for the alternative with the best performance, which both could be doing with auxiliaries of Software HEC-RAS version 4.0 betas. As the result, controlling river by repairing the river course and widening the river channel throughout Batang Anai and Batang Kandis (3rd alternative) gives the best performance comparing to the others alternatives, due to the fact that it could be able to canalize the design discharge of Q50 (1417 m3/s) in Batang Anai and Q25 (293 m3/s) in Batang Kandis. The simulation of transport sediment in Batang Anai with the 3rd alternatives implementation shows the biggest trend of erosion and deposition in a row, located next to National bridge downstream (RS 108) and precisely in downstream of RS 108 i.e., RS 107

KAJIAN PENGEMBANGAN SISI UDARA BANDAR UDARA JAPURA KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HULU

Today Japura airport is needed for actives again to give a more optimum service now and in the future especially for the great increase of passengers and the airplane traffic also other supporting  factor. Analysis for measure the length of the runway, apron capacity and taxiway dimension that  matches the needs based on the planning airplanes, which are Fokker and B 737-400, it is expected to give the airport operational performance as an effort to anticipate the development in the future. This study use on runway, apron and taxiway is conducted to measure the length of the runway, apron capacity and taxiway dimension that matches the needs based on the planning airplane, which are Fokker and B 737-400. This paper uses ICAO (International Cooperation Aviation Organization) and FAA (Federal Aviation Association) methods and JICA (Japan International Corporation Agency) formula (1991) for calculation of apron peak hour capacity. The analysis result shows that the length of runway that is needed for airplane type Fokker-50 is 1. 253 m and B 737-400 is 2.100 m, while the existing length of runway is 1.300 m. The width of runway according to ICAO and FAA standard is 30 m, the same with the existed landing field (runway). While the width of the taxiway according to ICAO and FAA standard by using planned airplane type Fokker-50 is 16, 62 m and B 737-400 is 15 m, narrower than the existed taxiway that is 23, 0 m. The existed apron dimension airplane is 80 m in length and 60 m in width, dimension apron using the planning airplane type Fokker-50 is 80 m x 52 m and B 737-400 is 173 m x 123 m. for the next 20 years, the pavements layers width, at runway, taxiway and apron, it doesn’t need to increas

BETON NON PASIR DENGAN AGREGAT DARI BATU ALAM (BATU APE) SUNGAI LUA KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN TALAUD SULAWESI UTARA

Timber supply is diminishing in addition to the trend to lower quality but higher cost of wood production manufacturing. However, because the demand of this material continues, an alternative or substitution on the use of timber, such as bamboo laminated, is desirable. Having susceptible character to powder by beetles attack, bamboo must be passed through preservation process before it is applied as laminating materials, but chemical preservative materials used in industrial process ring negative impacts to the environment. One of human and environmental friendly preservatives is the tobacco extract. Nevertheless, the most effective concentration of tobacco extract and its influence to the adhesive materials have not been well recognized. This research objective was to investigate the influence of tobacco extract to the natural and mechanic behaviour of laminated bamboo. Dried tobacco flake was mixed with water in variable concentration of 100, 125, 150 and 175 gram/liter. Bamboo split were given treatment in boiling water with tobacco extract solutions. As benchmarking, bamboo split also preserved with boiling water (without preservatives materials) and 5% concentration of borax. Non preservative bamboo was used as the control. The result of experiment showed that 150 gram/liter tobacco extract concentration of caused 61,33% insect mortality and 1,87% decreased weigh, which is effective to be used as preservative in compare to other three concentrations. Water content and density observation showed that preservation using 150 gram/liter extract tobacco comparing to non preservative boiling preservation, produced smaller value of water content and larger value of density than borax preservative. Preservation using 150 gram/liter tobacco extract produced highest value of compression parallel to grain and modulus of the bamboo elasticity Petung mechanic properties were 277,95 MPa and 170,34 MPa, respectively. Mechanical properties of laminated bamboo that were significantly influenced by preservative variation showed that highest values for compression parallel to grain and modulus of elasticity were 66,09 MPa and 127,12 MPa, respectively and reached by preservation using 100 gram/liter of tobacco extract