Ecofriendly Building Blocks for Sustainable Construction

Construction industry is considered one of the most environmental polluting sectors, which has a high intensity of energy and raw materials consumption as well as high rate of waste and greenhouse gas emissions. As a result of these challenges eco-friendly building blocks have been developed to help in the reduction of environmental effects and resource wastage. This scientometric analysis aims at determining the developmental trend of literature in green building materials through examining literature, trending and outstanding research works in the research domain. Based on bibliometric analysis and relevant database resources, the research outlines areas of development in sustainable construction materials, authors, institutions and countries. It focuses on the application of unconventional materials such as recycled aggregates, geopolymer blocks, biocomposites in attempting to curb carbon footprint associated with construction projects. Furthermore, the study also reviews the application of advanced technologies in increasing the performance of sustainable building blocks like designing by using 3D printing and applying nano elements. The analysis shows the increase in the number of scientific publications over the last ten years due to climate change concern and an emphasis on the necessity to launch green infrastructures. It covers some of the issues like scalability, economic factors, and legal restraints that slow down the popularity of sustainable building materials. This scientometric analysis gives useful insights on the evolution of research in this context and stresses the utility of interdisciplinary research for a sustainable construction environment. Prospective research constructs are painted to help fill seen gaps and encourage development of sustainability in building technology

Dust evolution by chemisputtering during protostellar formation

Context. Dust grains play a crucial role in the modeling of protostellar formation, particularly through their opacity and interaction with the magnetic field. The destruction of dust grains in numerical simulations is currently modeled primarily by temperaturedependent functions. However, a dynamical approach could be necessary to accurately model the vaporization of dust grains. Aims. We focused on modeling the evolution of dust grains during star formation, specifically on the vaporization of the grains by chemisputtering. We also investigated the evolution of non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic resistivities and the Planck and Rosseland mean opacities influenced by the grain evolution. Methods. We modeled the evolution of the dust by considering spherical grains at thermal equilibrium with the gas phase, composed only of one kind of material for each grain. We then took into account the exchange processes that can occur between the grains and the gas phase and that make the grain size evolve. We considered three materials for the grains: carbon, silicate, and aluminum oxide. Given a temporal evolution in temperature and density of the gas phase, we computed the evolution of a dust grain distribution. This evolution was then used to compute the non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic resistivities and the Planck and Rosseland mean opacities. Results. We observed a significant dependence of the sublimation temperature of the carbon grains on the dynamical evolution of the gas phase. The application of our method to trajectories where the temperature and density of the gas decrease after the sublimation of a portion of the grain distribution highlights the limitations of current vaporization prescriptions in simulations. Conclusions. The dynamical approach leads to more accurate results for the carbon grain quantity when the temperature and density of the gas evolve quickly. The dynamical approach application to collapse and disk evolution is then foreseen with its integration into hydrodynamic simulations

Autonomous Driving Road Environment Recognition with Multiscale Object Detection

Ensuring precise perception of the surrounding road environment is crucial for the safe functioning of autonomous vehicles in the domain of autonomous driving. Using cutting-edge deep learning techniques, this research presents a novel way for autonomous road environment classification and item detection. It focuses on combining Yolov5 and multiscale small object detection models. Modern object detection frameworks allow for the accurate and efficient processing of a wide range of things that are met on the road, such as cars, bikes, pedestrians, and traffic signals. By means of the smooth integration of these models, the proposed system exhibits resilience and efficiency in various real-life situations, indicating noteworthy progressions in the field of autonomous driving technology. The efficacy and dependability of the proposed strategy have been confirmed by extensive testing and assessment. The system delivers significant gains in efficiency and accuracy of detection by incorporating the deep learning models, providing a solid basis for the creation of safer and more reliable autonomous cars. This study opens the door to a future in which self-driving cars navigate roadways with increased safety and efficiency by demonstrating the critical role that cutting-edge deep learning algorithms play in enabling precise perception and decision-making capabilities within autonomous driving systems

Exploring the Impact of Hydrogen Interstitial on Structural, Energetic, and Electronic Characteristics within a Carbon Monovacancy

We discover a unique structural-modified-diamond which exhibits similar symmetry and band gap energy to that of the pure diamond. We study a complex carbon-vacancy-hydrogen in the diamond using the density-functional-theory method. The defective models are created by adding H-interstitial (Hi, where i = 1, 2, 3, and 4) in the 3D diamond C- monovacancy. The result shows that carbon-vacancy-hydrogen defects significantly decreased the symmetry from Td to C2V. Likewise, the volumetric size of the systems are widening up to 48.70%, while the optimized band gap energies are narrowing. Additional states appeared in the C-monovacancy, H1-V, H2-V, and H3-V systems which further improved electron mobility. The Hi compensates for the C-monovacancy which further serves as a deep donor. Interestingly, H4-V exhibits similar symmetry and band gap energy to that of the pure diamond, but its volumetric size is 48.70% wider

Canines incluses et tomographie volumique à faisceau conique

La tomographie à faisceau conique, ou Cone Beam CT (CBCT), est devenue un outil incontournable dans la gestion des canines incluses en orthodontie. Néanmoins, comme pour tout examen de radiologie, il est essentiel de bien connaître les prérequis techniques et les attendus de la lecture des images pour optimiser le service rendu aux patients. Ainsi, on peut résumer la prise en charge par l’adage suivant : une juste prescription associée à une bonne interprétation pour une thérapeutique éclairée

Production of biohumus by microbiological processing of forestry wastes

The article discusses the relevance and feasibility of biotechnology for the rehabilitation of ecosystems, in particular, rural areas. An integrated approach to the processing of agricultural and forestry wastes, such as bark dumps, is proposed in order to reduce the negative impact on the environment and obtain valuable products. The research was carried out in Perm Krai and included the stages of sorting, microbiological treatment of waste, and application of the resulting biohumus into the soil. As an example, the recycling of pulp and paper mill bark dump was considered, where a method of microbiological processing with vermiculture was developed. This allowed to reduce the volume of waste, reduce its fire hazard and obtain biohumus rich in humic acids. The obtained biohumus was successfully used as an organic fertiliser, which resulted in a 20-35% increase in the yield of barley, oats, wheat and vegetable crops compared to control plots. The research confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method for solving environmental problems and improving soil fertility, as well as its difference from traditional waste utilisation methods

Problems and prospects of innovative development of agro-industrial complex in Eastern Siberia

The presented research is devoted to the analysis of problems and prospects of innovative development of the agro-industrial complex of Eastern Siberia. The work focuses on identifying the key barriers to sustainable development of the industry and substantiating the need to form a regional scientific, educational and production centre. The research methodology is based on the analysis of a wide range of sources, including scientific publications, statistical data and regulatory documents. The main problems, such as insufficient funding of scientific research, weak link between science and production, and lack of qualified personnel, are identified. The results of the work show that to overcome these problems a systematic approach is needed, including the development and introduction of energy-saving technologies, the creation of new crop varieties and the development of processing and logistics technologies. The study justifies the creation of a regional centre that will combine the efforts of science, production and government to ensure sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex

Technological modernisation of the Russian agro-industrial complex

The analysis of the problems of technical and technological modernisation of the agroindustrial complex of Russia is carried out. It reveals a significant lag behind the world leaders. The analysis is based on statistical data and scientific publications, focusing on technical equipment, introduction of innovations, and production efficiency. It is found that the country’s agriculture is characterised by an outdated material and technical base, low level of automation, inefficient use of energy resources and slow implementation of advanced technologies such as precision farming. This leads to lower labour productivity, higher production costs and, as a consequence, low competitiveness. The study also revealed a shortage of skilled labour and insufficient funding for research and development, as well as dependence on imported machinery. The authors stress the need for a comprehensive approach to modernisation, including technical re-equipment, introduction of modern technologies and development of human capital

Research on the Synthesis and Performance of High-Performance Polycarboxylate Superplasticizers

In this study, high-workability polyc-arboxylate superplasticcizers (PCEs) were prepared throug- h aqueous radical polymerization using ethylene glycol monovinyl ether (EPEG-3000), acrylic acid (AA), and a polymeric functional monomer (a small unsaturated monomer with phosphate ester groups) as raw materials. Hydrogen peroxide/sodium bisulfite was employed as the initiation system, and mercaptoethanol (ME) served as the chain transfer agent. Based on single-factor experiments, the effects of the raw materials and theirquantities on the performance of the PCEs were investigated. Optimal performance was achieved under the conditions of an acid-to-ether ratio of 4.51, a reaction temperature of 20°C, and with the polymeric functional monomer and chain transfer agent dosages set at 2.22% and 0.44% of the EPEG-3000 mass, respectively. Structural characterization confirmed that the molecular structure of the synthesized product matched the expected design

Research on the Pathological Mechanisms and Current Treatment Status of Psoriasis

Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease characterized by abnormal interactions between epidermal cells and immune cells, affecting approximately 2% of the global population. It has a prolonged course, is difficult to cure, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. The lack of effective treatments imposes significant economic and psychological burdens on patients and their families. This article reviews the pathological characteristics, clinical classifications, pathogenesis, and current treatment methods of psoriasis, as well as the psychological issues it causes in patients and the corresponding interventions, aiming to provide a reference for the clinical treatment of psoriasis