Effect of Population Growth and Human Capital Development on Economic Growth in Nigeria.

ABSTRACT The study evaluates the impact of population growth, human capital development on economic growth in Nigeria for the period of 1988 to 2022. Secondary data were used and sourced from the World Development Indicators and United Nations World Population Prospects. Auto-regressive distributive lag was employed to analyse the long-run and short-run effects of both the population growth and human capital development on economic growth. The result of the analyses showed that population growth has a negative impact on economic growth, a 1% increase in population growth will lead to a 23988 increase in economic growth while human capital has a negative impact on economic growth with a 1% leads to 25.6998 decrease in economic growth. Life expectancy variable also have negative relationship with economic growth. The results of the fixed capital formation and the government expenditure have positive relationship with economic growth. Based on these findings, the paper concludes that the government should increase investment in human capital and provide employment opportunities to reduce the negative impact of population growth. Government should also increase spending (expenditure) on education, training and health

Does Nigeria’s underdeveloped financial sector harm non-crude oil export trade? Empirical evidence from linear and non-linear models

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of financial sector development on Nigeria’s non-crude oil export trade. For this reason, we employ a battery of econometric models and tools, including the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model and the sequentially determined threshold model. The study found that financial sector development and export of non-crude oil merchandise are unrelated in the long term, which challenges theoretical view that financial sector development and trade are linked at any time. The study further showed that, in the short term, the country's level of financial sector development, though shallow and seeming underdeveloped, is able to support exports of non-crude oil products. This finding challenges theoretical view that lower levels of financial sector development could hinder non-crude oil export trade flows. The study, however, found a threshold effect showing a minimum level of financial sector development that promotes non-crude oil export trade, which indicates that the relationship between financial sector development and non-crude oil export is non-linear, which contradicts the theoretical view. The study recommends that Nigerian policymakers and the government adhere strictly to the minimum level of financial sector development; otherwise, non-crude oil export trade may worsen

Growth Performance Study of Weaned Rabbits fed a Dietary Inclusion of Sweet Potato Peel-Cassava Leaf Mix Meal

This research evaluated the growth performance in an eight-week experiment of thirty-six weaned male rabbits of the Hyla breed by incorporating a dietary inclusion of sweet potato peels-cassava leaves mix meal (SPCLM). The rabbits were randomly assigned to four treatment groups with varying inclusion levels (T1 = 0%, T2 = 20%, T3 = 40%, and T4 = 60%) in a completely randomized experimental design. Each treatment group had nine weaned rabbits in three replicates and three rabbits per replicate. The growth performance parameters assessed include average daily feed intake (ADFI), daily and total weight gain, final weights, and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Proximate analysis of sweet potato peels, cassava leaves, and sweet potato peels-cassava leaves mix meal were carried out prior to the commencement of the feed trial. The crude protein content of SPCLM (6.18%) was found to be higher than SPP (4.08%). The ADFI and final weight of rabbits were significant (P 0.05) among the treatment groups. However, the highest weight gain and best FCR were recorded at 20% inclusion level, with respective values of 1356.08g and 3.24. The result showed that SPCLM can be incorporated into the diet of growing rabbits for up to 20% inclusion level for optimum growth performance without any deleterious effect

Utilization of Solid State Fermented Cassava Peel Leaf Mix Meal As a Substitute for Maize in Broiler Chickens’ Diets: Impact on Growth Performance, Carcass Indices and Lipid Peroxidation

Aims: This research explored the potential of fermented cassava peel and leaf meal (FCPLM) as a maize substitute in broiler chickens’ diets.Study Design:Completely Dandomized Design.Place and Duration of Study:The study took place at the Poultry Unit of the Teaching and Research Farm of Landmark University in Omu-Aran, Irepodun Local Government, Kwara State, Nigeria, located at coordinates 8°08′00′′N 5°06′00′′E for 7 weeks.Methodology:The cassava peel and leaf were combined in a 19:1 ratio, milled, and then inoculated with Aspergillus niger(ATCC 16404) for solid-state fermentation (SSF), lasting 96 hours at room temperature with a substrate to water ratio of 1.0:1.0. Subsequently, FCPLM was integrated into diets for 480 seven-day-old Anak broiler chickens, divided into four groups of 60 chicks each, with each group further divided into 3 replicates. The diets included: Diet 1 (control, no FCPLM), Diet 2 (20% FCPLM), Diet 3 (40% FCPLM), and Diet 4 (60% FCPLM).Results:Substituting maize with FCPLM significantly (P < 0.05) impacted broiler performance, carcass quality, lipid peroxidation, and production costs. Diet 3 exhibited the highest weight gain, optimal feed conversion ratio, and dressing percentage withrespective values of 2286.80g, 1.95 and 75.95%, compare to 2252.60g, 2.00 and 75.81%.for the same parameters in Diet 1. Furthermore, as FCPLM inclusion levels increased, meat peroxidation decreased from 1.26 mmol/ml (Diet 1) to 0.16 mmol/ml (Diet 4). The feed cost and cost per kilogramme of meat decreased with higher FCPLM levels, with highest percentages of 26.35% and 13.50% for feed cost reduction per kilogram of feed, and 13.50% for feed cost per kilogram of chicken meat respectively in Diet 4.Conclusion:The SSF with Aspergillus niger (ATCC 16404) enhances FCPLM, presenting a viable approach to enhance feed resources. This strategy improves feed efficiency, carcass yield, oxidative stability, and production cost

Comparative study on proximate, phytochemicals and mineral components of different parts of Parkia biglobosa (pod, seed, and leaf)

A study was conducted to assess the proximate composition, phytochemicals, and mineral components of the pod, leaf, and seed of the Parkia biglobosa (P. biglobosa) tree, with the aim of determining their suitability as animal feed resources. The findings revealed that the seed exhibited significantly higher (P < 0.05) levels of crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) compared to the leaf and pod. Specifically, the seed recorded the highest values (P < 0.05) for CP (15.31±0.03) and EE (13.23±0.04), while the pod displayed the lowest values of 3.91±0.12 and 0.89±0.04 for CP and EE, respectively. The pod registered the highest values (P < 0.05) for crude fiber (CF) and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) with respective values of 8.85±0.1 and 75.14±0.11. Conversely, the leaf exhibited the highest (P < 0.05) ash content, while the seed had the lowest ash value (1.99±0.04). In the mineral analysis, the seed and pod had the highest values (P < 0.05) for calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P), respectively. Phytochemical screening esults indicated that the pod contained the highest values (P < 0.05) of alkaloid (19.06±0.09) and tannin (10.97±0.08), while the leaf showed the highest values (P < 0.05) for saponin (34.20±0.25) and hydrocyanic acid (HCN) (2.22±0.30). The overall conclusion drawn from this study suggests that all three parts of P. biglobosa (seed, pod, and leaf) have the potential to serve as alternative feed resources for livestock

The Effect of Interest and Non-Interest Income on the Profitability of Banks in Nigeria

International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, Vol 5, no 2, pp 317-322 February 2024 International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews Journal homepage: www.ijrpr.com ISSN 2582-7421 The Effect of Interest and Non-Interest Income on the Profitability of Banks in Nigeria 1Obadiaru Eseosa David, 2Ogunyemi Ayobami Elizabeth Department of Accounting, College of Business and Social Sciences, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria ABSTRACT The study focuses on the analysis on the impact of interest and non-interest income on profitability of Money deposit banks in Nigeria. Secondary data was used for the study and were gotten from annual reports of the selected banks. The study spans a period of 12 years from 2010-2021. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. generalized linear model (GLM) were used in testing these hypotheses. The findings of the study include that there is a significant relationship between interest income and profitability and an insignificant relationship between non-interest income and profitability. The study recommends that banks should make policies that will attract both interest and non-interest income to the banking industry in Nigeri

GROWTH PERFORMANCE, HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS, SERUM INDICES, AND HORMONE LEVELS OF KUROILER CHICKENS ADMINISTERED L-ARGININE IN DRINKING WATER

A study was conducted to explore the effects of orally administered L-arginine on the growth performance, blood parameters, and hormonal profiles of Kuroiler chickens. A total of 270 unsexed Kuroiler chickens aged 12 weeks were used. The experiment was conducted over a five-week period using a completely randomized design, with three treatments and 3 replicates. The treatments were: no administration of L-arginine (control); oral administration of L-arginine at 165 mg/L; and oral administration of L-arginine at 330 mg/L in the drinking water given on daily basis. The results revealed significant impacts of arginine on weight gain and feed conversion ratio Specifically, the treatment with L-arginine at 330 mg/L resulted in the highest weight gain. Hematological parameters were notably higher in chickens given water containing L-arginine, while liver function enzymes showed a linear reduction. In the treatments where L-arginine was administered, serum glucose levels as well as cholesterol, creatinine, bilirubin, and uric acid concentrations recorded significant reductions, whereas hormone levels, including Triiodothyronine, Tetraiodothyronine, insulin, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor, were all significantly higher. The study concludes that the oral administration of L-arginine in the drinking water positively impacts growth performance, enhances hematopoietic activities, and increases hormone production in Kuroiler chickens. Therefore, L-arginine can be used as a supplementation to enhance poultry health and productivity

Effect of temperature and moisture content on the nutritional properties of African breadfruit (Treculia africana) seed

African breadfruit seeds (Treculia africana) are underutilised crops at risk of extinction, found widely in the tropics and have been reported to contain all the essential nutrients for novelty in food and industrial uses. The seeds contain an array of nutrients; 12-23% crude protein, 11- 20% crude fat, 2.3% ash, 1.6% fibre and 50 - 73% carbohydrate with other essential vitamins and minerals. This research is aimed at evaluating the effect of temperature and moisture content (MC) on the nutritional properties of dehulled breadfruit seed at varied temperatures and MC to determine adequate techniques in processing breadfruit seed for best nutritional yield and further processing without adverse effect on its nutritional characteristics. A conventional oven dryer was used to dry the samples at varied temperatures and MC of 40, 50, 60 and 70°C and 15, 12, 9 and 6%, respectively. Proximate analysis was done on the dried and blended breadfruit seed samples to analyse the processing effect on the nutritional composition. Results from this study showed that temperature and MC had a significant (P<0.05) effect on the nutritional component of breadfruit seed as carbohydrate content ranged between 42.81 to 54.39%, whereas protein and fat content ranged between 11.46 to 16.92% and 13 to 27%, respectively. It was observed that a drying temperature of 60°C at 9% MC gave the highest carbohydrate and protein content compared to other temperature variations while a drying temperature of 50°C at an MC of 15% gave the highest fat content. Therefore, when processing breadfruit seed for maximum yield in carbohydrate and protein content, the best processing temperature and MC is 60°C and 9% whereas, for maximum fat yield, the best drying temperature is 50°C at an MC of 15%. Knowledge from the study can be applied to targeted drying for maximum yield in specific nutritional components of agricultural food produce

Impact of solid state fermented cassava stump and leaves on the production and egg quality of laying chickens

A 12-week experiment was conducted to assess the effects of replacing maize with graded levels of enhanced cassava stump (ECS) on the egg productivity and quality of chickens. Cassava leaves and stumps were fermented with the aid of Aspergillus niger (ATCC 16404) in solid state at room temperature (28.5oC) for 96 and 192 hours, respectively. Thereafter the fermented cassava stump was fortified with 5% fermented cassava leaves to make ECS. Four layer diets were formulated by replacing maize with ECS at 0, 20, 40 and 60% levels. The result showed that the proximate values of the cassava stump were enhanced by fermentation with 195.63, 59.17 and 118.33% increment in crude protein, ether extract and ash respectively. The egg production and quality were influenced (P 0.05) in the control group and diet that contained 40% ECS. The cost of feed decreased as the ECS increased in the diets. The eggshell index improved as ECS level increased in the diets, while the highest Haugh unit (HU) was observed in the diet containing 60% ECS. It was concluded that though the replacement of maize up to 60% by ECS gave better egg quality and economic benefit but for optimum performance, 40% ECS is recommended