Physicochemical Profiles of Goat Meat: Influence of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Enriched Diets

The aim of this research was to determine the physicochemical profiles of meat from goat given a diet containing unsaturated fatty acids. The material used in this research was local male goats aged ± 12 months. Treatment used in the present study was R0, as a control diet, R1: R0 added with 2.5% of tuna fish oil (TFO), R2: R0 added with 5% of tuna fish oil (TFO), R3: R0 added with 2.5% of soybean oil (SO) and treatment R4: R0 added with 5% of soybean oil (SO). This research was conducted for three months. After the feeding trial, the goats were slaughtered, and the quality of the longissimus dorsi was analyzed. The research design used was a completely random design and four replications. The results showed that the feed containing TFO and SO at a level of 2.5% - 5% did not cause a significant difference (p>0.05) in the carcass components and the physical quality of the meat. Meanwhile, other parameters such as meat cholesterol, stearic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid were affected significantly (p<0.05). It should be concluded that the giving 2.5% - 5% of feed containing an unsaturated fatty acids profile (tuna fish oil and soybean oil) has not shown changes in the physicochemical quality of meat. But at the level of tuna oil and soybean oil, up to 5% of dry matter are able to increase the unsaturated fatty acid profile in meat.

Assessment of Nutrient Sufficiency Through Body Condition Score: A Study Case at The Ongole Cross-Breed Cattle Breeding Center, Kebumen, Central Java

This study aimed to evaluate the feeding practices and nutritional intake of Ongole crossbred (PO) cattle in Kebumen, Central Java. This study focused on body condition scores (BCSs) and their implications for cattle performance. The parameters observed in this study included the feed composition, nutrient content, and impact of different BCSs on nutrient intake. The results of this research revealed that PO cattle with poor BCS did not receive sufficient feed, resulting in suboptimal nutrient intake. Moreover, those with medium BCS receive sufficient feed but still lack protein intake. In contrast, PO cattle with optimum BCS demonstrated the higher performance compared to other BCS groups, with crude protein intake of 0.57 kg (8.81%), 0.15 kg of extract (2.32%), 2.08 kg of crude fibre (32.15%), 3.81 kg of neutral detergent fiber 58.89%), 2.27 kg of acid detergent fiber (35.08%), and 4.00 kg of total digestible nutrient (61.82%) of the total dry matter intake, amounting to 6.47 kg. The findings underscore the importance of proper feeding practices tailored to the nutritional needs of cattle to optimize cattle performanc

Effects of Dietary Plant-Derived Anti-Coccidia on the Production Performance and Oocyst Output of Broiler Chickens

Adding feed additives to combat coccidiosis, such as anti-coccidial drugs to broiler diets, can lead to side effects, meat residues, and antimicrobial resistance issues. Alternatively, plant-derived anti-coccidia could serve as safe and simple alternatives compared to synthetic/chemical feed additives. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production performance and oocyst output of broilers fed diets with plant-derived anti coccidia. A total of 300 day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were randomly assigned in 30 cages in a completely randomized design with 3 treatment groups, 10 replicates per treatment of 10 chicks per cage. The treatment diets were fed for 35 days: basal diet without anti-coccidia (T1), 500ppm synthetic anti-coccidia containing Narasin and Nicarbazin (T2), and 500ppm plant-derived anti-coccidia containing Cinnamomum camphora, Elephatopus scaber, and Valeriana walichii (T3). Results showed significant differences (p<0.05) in the average body weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, and income over feed and chick cost among the three treatment groups. Fecal analysis results showed the absence of oocysts in those feeds with synthetic anti-coccidia and plant derived anti-coccidia. T3 that contains plant-derived anti-coccidia has the highest growth performance among other treatments. In conclusion, plant-derived anti coccidia can be used as an alternative anti-coccidial drug without compromising the growth performance of broiler chicken

Potential of Goletrak Grass (Borreria alata) as Suplementation on Hay Multinutrient Waffle and Its Nutrition Value to Improve Growth Performance in Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of goletrak grass (Borreria alata) as suplementation in hay multinutrient waffle on the growth performance in rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). The experiment was carried out in 2 stages consisting of hay multinutrient waffle (HMW) production and feeding application in rabbit. The HMW was produced in three formulations: H1 was used 5% Boreria alata; H2 10% Boreria alata; and H315% Boreria alata. Physical and chemical assessment of HMW were performed to evaluate the feed quality prior to feeding application. A total of 18 local rabbit males (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were assigned to 6 dietary treatments, 3 animals each, consisted: T01 = 100% benggala grass; T02 = 60% commercial pellet + 40% benggala grass; T1 = 60% commercial pellet + 40 % HMW; T2 = 40% commercial pellet + 60 % HMW; T3 = 20% commercial pellet + 80 % HMW; and T4 = 100 % HMW. The addition of goletrak grass (Boreria alata) had no significant effect (p>0.05) on physical propertiesincluding colours, texture, aroma, hardness, and durability index. However, significant effects (p0.05) on feed consumption. In conclusion, 15% inclusion of Boreria alata into HMW formulation, with 40% HMW in the diet, resulted in improved FCR, along with increased total weight gain and ADG. These findings suggest a beneficial impact of Boreria alata inclusion of performance and feed efficiency in rabbit

Coastal Tourism's Impact on Local Livestock Farming at Bilik Sijile Beach, Baluran National Park

This research aims to analyze the development of coastal tourism at Sijile Beach and its impact on local beef cattle farming businesses. This research uses a quantitative approach with qualitative data as support, which includes interviews with key informants and surveys of around 40 breeders. The analysis was conducted to understand how tourism development affects livestock farmers' attitudes and identify policies and practices that can improve their welfare. PESTEL analysis identified political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors influencing Sijile Beach livestock farming. Political factors include conservation policies that limit land access for livestock breeders. In contrast, economic factors indicate challenges and opportunities arising from tourism, including rising land prices and opportunities for economic diversification. Social factors describe changes in cultural values and potential conflict between tourists and local communities. Technological factors indicate a lack of use of technology by livestock farmers, which limits their operational efficiency. Environmental impacts include habitat degradation and pollution due to tourism activities. Legal factors reveal problems in policy implementation and the need for local community participation in decision-making. SWOT analysis highlights strengths, such as solid local resources and a potential market of tourists, as well as weaknesses, such as technological limitations and pressure on natural resources. Opportunities include sustainable tourism development and diversification of the local economy, while threats include the environmental impact of tourism and competition with the tourism sector. These findings demonstrate the need for balanced and inclusive policies to integrate tourism with livestock and the importance of technology training and support for livestock adaptation. This research provides important insights for stakeholders in designing strategies that support ecosystem sustainability and the welfare of local communitie

Motility, Abnormality and Intact Plasma Membrane of Sexed Bali Bull Sperm in Different Equilibration Time

The purpose of this study was to obtain the optimal equilibration time to produce quality frozen semen of sexed Bali bulls in Tris-yolk diluent. Semen was collected from two male Bali cows from artificial insemination center, Tenayan Raya. Semen was collected for 8 wk and used as a replicate of the study. The motility of the semen used was 70%. Sperm X and Y were separated with 10% and 30% bovine serum albumin (BSA). The diluent used was tris egg yolk. The research treatment was equilibration time (2, 3, 4, and 5 h). Parameters were measured after sperm separation, dilution and thawing after freezing. Parameters consisted of motility, abnormality and intact plasma membrane. Data analysis was performed using a group randomized design. The results showed that the equilibration times of 2, 3, 4 and 5 h were significantly different on motility, abnormality and intact plasma membrane. The value of motility and intact plasma membrane is significantly different from after separation, dilution and freezing of Bali sperm. The values of motility, abnormality and intact plasma membrane of sperm X and sperm Y were not significantly different. Conclusion, 2 h equilibration time can maintain motility, abnormality and intact plasma membrane of sperm X and sperm Y of Bali cattle

Identification of Gene Diversity of Melanocortin 4 Receptor for Commercial Rabbit Breeds

Molecular genetic markers are regularly implemented in rabbit management for better breeding by selecting for specific genotypes. This study aimed to examine the diversity of the melanocortin-4 receptor gene in rabbits in Central Java, Indonesia. A total of 35 bucks were used in this study, comprising 10 New Zealand White, 11 Hyla and 14 Hycole. The DNA was extracted by Gene JET Whole Blood Genomic DNA extraction kit. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) was detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. Hot carcass weight, cold carcass weight, reference weight and cut point 1-5 weight were among the parameters that were measured. This study showed that Melanocortin 4 Receptor (MC4R) genes were polymorphic, containing missense mutations and one SNP at 519G→A SNP 519GA had two alleles, A and G, with three genotypes (AA, GG, and AG). The rabbit population did not achieve HardyWeinberg Equilibrium (HWE) and showed a low level of genetic diversity as indicated by the heterozygosity results. The result of this study concluded that the frecuency AG as a genotype was higher than either GG or AA and A had a higher allele frequency than G. We recommended improving the validity of the data across various rabbit population

Semen Quality of KUB Chicken in Ringer Lactate-Egg Yolk Diluent with Carrot Extract Supplementation During Cold Storage

This study aimed to determine the quality of chicken semen from Kampung Unggulan Balitbangtan (KUB) in Ringer lactate-egg yolk diluent with carrot extract supplementation during cold storage. A total of 6 KUB males were selected for the experiment and each of the was subjected to 5 collections of semen. The experiment was performed using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 4 treatments. These treatments included P0 (100% Ringer lacate-egg yolk without carrot extract), P1 (80% Ringer lacate-egg yolk + 20% carrot extract), P2 (60% Ringer lacate-egg yolk + 40% carrot extract), P3 (Ringer lactate yolk 40% + 60% carrot extract). The research variables consisted of motility, viability, abnormalities of spermatozoa, and plasma membrane integrity. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan's test. It was discovered that the percentage of motility and viability up to 48 hours of storage showed significant differences (p0.05) at 48 hours of storage. Furthermore, plasma membrane integrity failed to show a significant difference between groups at 1 hour of storage and was significantly different (p<0.05) at 24 and 48 hours of storage. The best or the highest result is in the P2 group, with plasma membrane integrity being 71.89 ± 2.40%. It was concluded that the use of 40% carrot extract supplementation in Ringer lacate-egg yolk diluent tends to maintain the quality of KUB chicken semen in cold storage for up to 48 hours and was suitable for the application of artificial inseminatio

Reproductive Performance and Population Dynamics of Cattle in Rembang District, Central Java Province

Rembang Regency has the fourth largest cattle population in Central Java Province. Cattle farming in Rembang Regency is mostly conducted by farmers and family farmers with 2 to 4 cattle. The objective of this study was to measure the reproductive performance, natural increase (NI), and population dynamics of cattle in Rembang District, Central Java. The study was conducted using a survey method by collecting data from 400 farmers and 1,275 cattle in five subdistricts in Rembang District. The results showed that the reproductive index value of cows was 0.77 head/year, the natural increase (NI) value was 55.06%, and the average growth of cattle in Rembang District from 2017 to 2022 was 2.81% per year. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the reproductive performance is quite good but there are still many cows with poor reproductive performance in the population and based on population dynamics data, it is concluded that many cattle transported out of Rembang Regency

Enrichment of Rice Straw Silage with Sacha Inchi (Plukentia volubilis L) Meal and Sambung Nyawa (Gynura procumbens) Leaves

Farmers in Indonesia utilize a substantial amount of rice straw to provide feed for their livestock but restricted in terms of its low nutritional value. This study was conducted with objective to evaluate the quality of rice straw silage with addition of sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) meal and sambung nyawa (Gynura procumbens) leaves based on physical, chemical, and microbiological properties. The study employed a completely randomized design with 9 treatments (P0: 100% rice straw, P1: 90% rice straw + 10% sacha inchi meal, P2: 85% rice straw + 15% sacha inchi meal, P3: 80% rice straw + 20% sacha inchi meal, P4: 75% rice straw + 25% sacha inchi meal, P5: P1+10% sambung nyawa leaves, P6: P2+10% sambung nyawa leaves, P7: P3+10% sambung nyawa leaves, P8: P4+10% sambung nyawa leaves) and 5 replications, incorporating the addition of sambung nyawa leaves. The variables examined include the physical quality i.e. colour, flavour, texture, and presence of mold; chemical quality i.e. pH, crude protein (CP), and crude fibre (CF); and microbiological quality i.e. lactic acid bacteria (LAB), yeasts, aerobic bacteria, and pathogenic bacteria. The results of the physical quality test indicated that the addition of sacha inchi meal and sambung nyawa leaves resulted no significant difference. On the other hand, the chemical quality showed that the addition of sacha inchi meal and sambung nyawa leaves have enhanced the rice straw silage nutritional content (p<0.05) particularly CP content by about 4 fold. The microbiological tests showed that the addition of sacha inchi meal and sambung nyawa leaves had an impact on the preservation of silage by inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. It is concluded that the quality of rice straw silage has improved by the addition of 10-25% sacha inchi meal and 10% sambung nyawa leave