MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION AND LOCAL ISOLATE BACTERIAL ACTIVITY TEST AS BIOCONTROL CANDIDATES TO TACKLE Vibrio Spp INFECTIONS AT VANNAMEI SHRIMP CULTIVATION (Litopenaeus vannamei) IN EAST LAMPUNG

Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is a widely cultivated type of shrimp with high economic value. One of the obstacles in pacific white shrimp cultivation is an infectious disease, especially Vibrio spp. This study aims to identify bacteria of biocontrol candidate against Vibrio spp. This research was conducted by the Laboratory of Fisheries and Marine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung and the laboratory of PT. Indolab Utama, West Jakarta, from September 2019 to January 2020. Bacteria of Biocontrol candidate were isolated from traditional shrimp pond water in Purworejo Village, Pasir Sakti District, East Lampung Regency. Water samples were taken from the inlet, plot, and outlet. The bacterial screening was carried out by testing the antagonism of bacterial isolates isolated from water samples with several Vibrio bacteria, namely V. harveyi, V. algynoliticus, and V. parahemolyticus on Sea Water Complete (SWC) medium. The bacterial isolates with the highest inhibitory activity were then identified morphologically, biochemically, and molecularly by 16s rRNA. The results showed that from those 10 isolates was found 1 bacterial isolate from water samples. Only one pond plot isolate (P1) was found that had inhibitory activity against V. harveyi and the size was 21 mm. The morphological test results showed the colonies were round, flat edges, convex elevation, cream colored, and included in the negative gram bacteria group. The results of biochemical tests showed that the bacteria were motile. Meanwhile, the molecular test results with 16s rRNA showed that the P1 bacteria were 99% similar to Aeromonas caviae isolates, which were found potential as biocontrol candidates because they can inhibit the growth of V. harveyi bacteria, which was characterized by the formation of a clear zone around the paper disk

STUDY OF PITUITARY GLAND EXTRACT UTILIZATION FROM STRIPED CATFISH WASTE FOR REPRODUCTION PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF NORTH AFRICAN CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus)

One of the problems in North African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) breeding is the inability to spawn spontaneously due to a specific spawning season. This happens due to reproductive dysfunction resulting in a slow development of gonads in catfish broodstock. This research aimed to study the effect of injection of pituitary gland extract from Striped Catfish head waste on the spawning performance of North Africans Catfish. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were A (pituitary gland 0 mg/kg broodstock), B (pituitary gland 200 mg/kg broodstock), C (pituitary gland 300 mg/kg broodstock), and D (pituitary gland 400 mg/kg broodstock). The spawning process was performed with a ratio of 1:1 between male and female broodstock. The pituitary gland was injected into the head of female catfish at 07:30 pm and at 04:00 am. The research parameters observed were relative fecundity, fertilization rate (FR), hatching rate (HR), and survival rate (SR). The results showed that injection of the pituitary gland from Striped Catfish head waste could increase spawning performance with relative fecundity reaching of 31,357±12,265 eggs/ kg of female broodstock, FR 65±4%, HR 74±14%, and SR 81±10%. Therefore, hypophysation by utilizing Striped Catfish head waste is effectively increases the spawning performance of North African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) seen from the high values of relative fecundity, FR, HR, and SR of larvae in treatment B (200 mg/kg broodstock)

QUALITY IMPROVEMENT OF FEED CHEMICAL COMPOSITION WITH THE ADDITION OF DRAGON FRUIT SKIN FLOUR (Hylocereus polyrhizus)

Providing high-quality feed is one of the efforts to increase fish productivity and growth and reduce fish mortality. One of the additional alternative feed ingredients as a source of vegetable protein is dragon fruit peel which can be used as an additional ingredient in fish feed. The study of the chemical composition of feed with the addition of dragon fruit peel flour is essential information to determine the effect of addition and the benefits of by-products (waste) from food processing in aquaculture development. This study aims to evaluate the quality of the chemical composition of feed after being treated with the addition of dragon peel flour through proximate analysis. The test was carried out at the Agricultural Product Technology Laboratory of Lampung State Polytechnic, from June to August 2020. The test results showed that dragon fruit peel flour had a carbohydrate content of 50.74%, crude fiber 26.22%, ash 21.35%, protein 5.08%, and fat 4.80% (dry weight). The test results showed that the addition of dragon fruit peel flour increased the protein content in the feed, which increased with the increase in the added dragon fruit flour. The highest protein content in treatment was 1.5%, namely 37.79% (dry weight), and decreased in the addition of dragon fruit flour by 2.0%. The highest ash content in the addition of 2.0% was 11.32% (dry weight). The content of crude fiber, carbohydrates and fat has decreased with the increasing dose of dragon fruit flour. The addition of dragon fruit peel flour can increase the protein content in the feed to substitute in the manufacture of fish feed. This also increases the utilization of dragon fruit peel waste, especially in aquaculture, to reduce waste disposal into the environment

GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND IMMUNE RESPONSE OF SILVER POMPANO SEEDS (Trachinotus blocii) FED WITH FEED CONTAINING IMMUNOSTIMULANT SUPPLEMENTS

The increase of the growth performance and control of disease can be done by the use of imunostimulan. Immunostimulant is a material that capable of increasing the non-specific immune response of fish. The purpose of this study was to determine the best concentration of immunostimulants in self-formulated pellet feed on the growth performance and immune response of silver pompano fingerling. The immunostimulant content used it was sourced from commercial products Nutricell. There was three concentrations of imunostimulan were used in this study, namely 0.3% (treatment A), 0.5% (treatment B), and 0,0% (treatment K) and one group fish fed with commercial feed as the control and a comparison (treatment P). A total of 840 silver pompano fish seeds with an average initial body weight of 11,13± 1,39 g were kept in 12 cages (0.8 x 0.8 x 0.6 m3) for 30 days. The results showed that the provision of feed supplements containing commercial immunostimulants did not significantly affect the growth rate, The feed conversion and survival rate but produced the highest total leukocyte count of 65,775. x 10. cells/ml and 35.10% phagocytosis rate achieved on the 30th day of treatment. The results of the five-day challenge test showed that treatment A which was the addition of 0.3% immunostimulant feed had lower mortality than other treatments, after being injected with Vibrio alginolyticus bacteria at a dose of 3 x 109 cfu/ml/0.002 g/head fish weight. Based on the results above, it can be concluded that the formulated feed in treatment A which was added with immunostimulant 0.3% (0.7% total in the feed formula) showed a higher survival performance in the nursery phase of silver pompano fish compared to other treatments

COMPARISON OF GROW-OUT METHODS OF SAND LOBSTER (Panulirus homarus) WITH RECIRCULATION AQUACULTURE SYSTEM (RAS) AND FLOW-THROUGH (FT): STUDY OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES

Aquaculture technology using Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) is basically a technology for fish farming by reusing water used in production. This technology is based on the use of mechanical and biological filters, and this method in principle can be used for all species cultivated in aquaculture such as fish, shrimp, shellfish and others. This study was carried out at Station for Investigation of Fish Health and Environment (LP2IL) Serang’s field test facility starting from June to November 2020 (110 days of sand lobster grow-out period). In this study, the RAS system used for grow-out of sand lobster uses a series of containers, compartments, tanks and equipment for water treatment with the following purification stages (1) sedimentation containers; (2) physical filtration; (3) biological filtration, (4) disinfection of water by UV irradiation, (5) removal of CO2, (6) clean water reservoirs and (7) tanks for grow-out of sand lobster. In this study, a series of tests were carried out on several biological activities parameters of sand lobster including growth weight and length, FCR, SR, molting and biomass, which were measured every two weeks during grow-out period. From the results of this study activity, it is found that the biological parameters of sand lobster grow-out with RAS is improving when compared to sand lobster grow-out in flow through water system (FT)

STUDY OF WATER PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, AND BIOLOGY QUALITY IN SWAMP WATER HIGH TIDE CONDITIONS IN BANYUASIN REGENCY, SOUTH SUMATERA

This study was conducted in tidal lowland at Banyu Urip Village, Tanjung Lago District, Banyuasin Region, South Sumatera. Samples were collected two times. The water sample was collected during high tide in primary, secondary, and tertiary canals. The result showed the seasonal variation of physical and chemical water parameters such as temperature 27 – 30 ºC, pH 3 – 5, DO 3.7 – 4.5 mg/l, phosphate 0.01 – 0.02 mg/l, TSS 108 – 232 mg/l, and EC 11 – 107 µmhos/cm. This study also identified 10 classes and 10 genera of phytoplankton. It has potential as a natural food source. The result revealed that physical and chemical water quality parameters were still suitable for aquaculture based on Government regulation of Republic Indonesia number 82 year 2001 about water criteria class III for fisheries. Meanwhile, the great challenge of tidal lowland for fishery management is low pH. Therefore, pre-treatment to increase pH before fish rearing is required

EVALUATION OF THE VALUE OF AMMONIA, NITRATE, AND NITRITE ON CULTIVATION MEDIA OF CATFISH FED MAGGOT

Water quality is a limiting factor of life for aquatic biota, especially biota that lives in a pond. Therefore, water quality management is very necessary so that cultivation activities, especially ponds can continue and do not cause negative impacts on the surrounding environment. Various factors can decrease the water quality of aquaculture ponds one of which is from the remnants of feed and fish manure. Feed is one of the contributors to the dissolved organic matter in the cultivation pond. Maggot or black shoulder fly larvae are one of the alternatives that can be used as fish feed. Maggot has a high animal protein content of 30-45%, so it is very effective to be used as an alternative to additional feed in fish farming. The purpose of this research is to find out the difference in pond water quality between ponds by using maggot and pond feed by using pellet feed. The data taken in this study is primary data using the Complete Randomized Design (RAL) method with 3 treatments and 3 replays in each treatment. These treatments include Full Maggot Control (MU), 50% pellet, and 50% maggot (PU). Data obtained include; ammonia. Nitrites, and nitrates. The results showed that the average final value of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrates respectively treatment is KU ( 0.22 mg / L, 0.44 mg/L, 3.667 mg/L), PU (0.022 mg/L, 0.042 mg/L, 3.433 mg/L), MU (0.046 mg/L, 0.028 mg/L, 2.653 mg/L). The results illustrate the conclusion that the provision of maggots as an alternative and additional feed can improve the quality of aquaculture water

OPTIMIZATION FEEDING RATE OF SPINY LOBSTER (Panulirus penicillatus) CULTURED IN FLOATING CAGES

Spiny lobster (Panulirus penicillatus) is one of luxury seafood product that cultured in floating cage. There is no information about feeding rate of this species in particular feed with fresh mangrove snail meat. This study aimed to optimized level of feeding rate in spiny lobster during limited periods of cultured. Feeding rate of 10, 20 and 30% were used as treatments. Three floating cages with 120 individuals of pre-adult of spiny lobster was used. Sixty days of cultured periods with absolute growth, specific growth rate and survival rate were analysed to determined optimized growth rate. Results showed that 10% of feeding rate was supported highest absolute growth and specific growth rate compared to 20% and 30 % feeding rate. Moreover, all level of feeding rate can support 100 % of survival rate.  This study recommends feeding rate 10% is sufficient feed percentage per day that able to support culture performance of spiny lobster grow-out in floating cage. 

SUBSTITUTION OF SOYBEAN MEAL WITH INDIGOFERA LEAF FLOUR (Indigofera sp.) IN GROWING FEED OF STRIPED CATFISH (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)

Soybean meal is one of the feed ingredients that is still imported, so indigofera leaf flour is tried as an alternative to local feed ingredients to reduce feed costs. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of indigofera leaf flour (Indigofera sp.) as a substitute for soybean meal on growth performance on enlargement of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). This study used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. P1 (without substitution of indigofera leaf flour), P2 (substitution of soybean meal with 10% indigofera leaf flour), P3 (substitution of soybean meal with 20% indigofera leaf flour), P4 (substitution of soybean meal with 30% indigofera leaf flour). The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and further tested with Duncan's test. Based on statistical analysis, the test feeding had a significant effect (p<0.1) on absolute weight growth, specific growth rate, and feed efficiency and the yield was not significantly different (p>0.1) on absolute length and survival rate of fish. The results showed that the use of indigofera leaf flour as a substitute for soybean meal up to a limit of 20% was able to provide a relatively better growth performance than 30%

SUBSTITUTION OF FERMENTED DUCKWEED MEAL (Lemna Sp.) AS AN ALTERNATIVE PROTEIN SOURCE SOYBEAN MEAL IN SUPPORTING THE GROWTH OF TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus)

Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a freshwater fish commodity that has high economic value, is widely cultivated and has high demand. However, the obstacle that is often experienced by farmers is the high price of feed caused by the high price of imported feed raw materials. Overcoming this can be done by looking for alternative raw materials that can replace soybean meal flour such as fermented lemna flour. This research was conducted to study the growth performance of tilapia fed a test feed using fermented lemna flour (Lemna sp.) substitution. The total treatment used was 5 treatments and 3 replications, with a completely randomized design (CRD). Treatment A (0% TLF), B (25% TLF), C (50% TLF), D (75% TLF), and treatment E (100% TLF). Parameters observed were absolute weight gain, daily growth rate, protein retention, feed conversion, protein efficiency ratio, survival rate, and water quality. The results showed that treatment B (25% TLF) gave the best results compared to other treatments, where the absolute weight growth rate reached 7.11 g, the daily growth rate (SGR) was 3.39%, feed conversion (FCR) was 2.22 and protein retention 36.08%