Penentuan Prioritas Produk Berbahan Limbah Kopi Menggunakan Metode AHP di Sub DAS Cikamiri, Garut, Jawa Barat: Prioritization of Coffee Waste-Based Products Using AHP Method in Cikamiri Sub Watershed, Garut, West Java

The suboptimal management of coffee waste affected a significant challenge because the coffee waste is often discarded without being utilized optimally. As a long-term impact, this can cause environmental pollution and loss of economic opportunities from coffee waste. A similar case occurred in the Cikamiri Sub Watershed, Garut, West Java. So it needed to be carried out by applying coffee waste to potential products such as cascara tea, liquid organic fertilizer, and bio-briquettes, but the product priority is not yet known. So that, this study aims to determine the priority for processing coffee waste into high-value products, such as cascara tea, liquid organic fertilizer (POC), and bio-briquettes using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method in the Sub DAS Cikamiri, Garut, West Java. AHP was chosen for its ability to handle multi-criteria decision-making in a structured manner. The criteria used in this study include labor availability, investment cost, high market value, and material availability. The result showed that cascara tea (prevalence value of 68.6%) was the highest-priority product, followed by liquid organic fertilizer (prevalence value of 20.7%) and bio-briquettes (prevalence value of 10.6%). This study indicated that cascara tea had high market potential, while liquid organic fertilizer and bio-briquettes can be developed by considering environmental impact and sustainability. This research provides strategic recommendations to optimize coffee waste utilization, focusing primarily on cascara tea production to enhance economic value and positive environmental impacts. Keywords: analytical hierarchy process, bio-briquettes, cascara, coffee waste, liquid organic fertilize

Aplikasi Edible Coating dari Lidah Buaya dan Karagenan untuk Memperpanjang Umur Simpan Buah Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.): Application of Edible Coating from Aloe Vera and Carrageenan to Extend The Shelf Life of Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.)

Tomato fruit (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) is a food material with a high water content so it is easy to decompose. This shows that efforts to prevent reduction in food quality can be developed in the form of edible coating from aloe vera gel with concentration of 0%, 30%, 40%, and 50%, and carrageenan with concentration of 1%, 2%, and 3%. The aims of this research were to determine the concentration of aloe vera gel and carrageenan based on the characteristics of edible film and to determine the effect of edible coating and storage time on the quality of tomato. The first stage of this research is making edible film based on analysis parameters such as water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), tensile strength, elongation, and thickness. The selected concentration used in the second stage of this research for making edible coating was 40% of aloe vera gel and 3% of carrageenan. The selected concentration has a WVTR value of 1.758±0.20 g.mm/m2.hour, tensile strength value of 0.248±0.00 N/cm2, elongation value of 25.164±0.10%, and thickness value of 0.074±0.00 mm. Tomato samples coated with edible coating and control tomatoes is stored for 9 days at room temperature (24-25oC and 65–70% relative humidity aproximately) and samples are analyzed every 3 days based on analysis parameters such as vitamin C content, weight loss, hardness level, pH, ohue, lycopene content, and total dissolved solids value. The application of edible coating and storage time can inhibit the decrease of vitamin C levels, lycopene levels, weight loss, hardness, also can inhibit the increase in pH value and total dissolved solids value. Meanwhile, the change in color (hue) of tomato is not affect by the use of edible coating. Keywords: aloe vera, carrageenan, edible coating, storage time, tomat

Analisis Keberlanjutan Agroindustri Ikan Lemuru (Sardinella sp.) (Studi Kasus di Kecamatan Puger, Kabupaten Jember): Sustainability Analysis of Lemuru Fish (Sardinella sp.) Agro-Industry (Case Study in Puger Sub-District, Jember Regency)

The capture fisheries agroindustry faces serious business sustainability threats in the future, both from economic, resource, environmental, technological and social aspects. Lemuru fish (Sardinella sp.) based agroindustry in Puger District, Jember Regency also faces a similar threat. This research aims to analyze the sustainability of the lemuru fish processing business and provide recommendations for improving its sustainability. The analytical method used is Rapfish (Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries), while the recommendations are prepared descriptively. The results of the analysis show that the Lemuru agro-industry sustainability index is in the less sustainable category with a score of 42.61. The environmental dimension has the lowest index value in the bad category, followed by the social and technological dimensions which are categorized as less sustainable, while the resource and economic dimensions are categorized as quite sustainable. Efforts to improve the environmental dimension can be made by organizing mentoring programs to develop environmental management efforts. For the social and technological dimensions, technological guidance, management and horizontal diversification of processed lemuru waste can be carried out into various innovative products. Keywords: capture fisheries, lemuru, sustainability analysis, Rapfis

Karakteristik Pewarna Alami Cair Terbuat dari Variasi Rasio Tepung Labu Kuning (Cucurbita moschata): Pelarut dan Lama Waktu Ekstraksi: Characteristic of Liquid Natural Colorant Made from Variations in The Ratio of Yellow Pumpkin Flour: Solvent and Extraction Time

Liquid natural colorant is an alternative product which was produced from pumpkin flesh. The pumpkin contains high carotenoid compounds which rich of antioxidants. This research was aimed to determine the effect of solvent concentration and extraction time on the characteristics of liquid natural colorant from pumpkin. This study used a completely randomized design with two factors, namely the ratio of yellow pumpkin flour: solvent (1:6, 1:8, and 1:10 (w/v)) and extraction time (1, 2, and 3 days). Each treatment was repeated three times. Based on the results of the research, the treatment with a ratio of yellow pumpkin flour: solvent (w/v) 1:10 and the extraction time is 3 days produced the best liquid natural colorant, with the characteristics: brightness level (lightness) was 85.59 of lightness, 85.17% of antioxidant activity, 3.94 mg GAE/mL of total polyphenol, 0.63 mg/100 g of carotenoid content, the color stability test based on temperature storage (room temperature and cold temperature), respectively 2.96 and 3.42, and color stability test based on light intensity (lamp light and covered with aluminum foil) 2.79 and 2.84, respectively. According to these findings, the maceration method used on this research could be applied on production of natural colorant made from yellow pumpkin. Keywords: extraction time, liquid natural colorant, solvent, yellow pumpki

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Karakteristik Kimia Kulit Lumpia Basah dengan Fortifikasi Tepung Tulang Ikan Patin (Pangasius pangasius): Chemical Characteristic of Wet Spring Roll Wrapper with Fortification of Patin Fish (Pangasiun pangasius) Bone Flour

Waste from patin fish (Pangasius pangasius) consumption is skin and fish bone. Its waste generally used as a raw material for food and industrial products because of fat, gelatin, collagen, and calcium compounds. Based on its calcium compound, another food application is the fortification of patin fish bone on wet spring roll wrapper. It is important to increase the consumption rate of calcium nutrition. Therefore, this research aimed to improve the proximate composition (especially calcium) of wet spring roll wrapper with 6% catfish bone flour fortification. The method used in this research was experimental with two treatments, i.e. the addition of 6% patin fish bone flour (A1) and 0% patin fish bone flour (A0) as a control. The parameters observed were moisture, ash, fat, protein, carbohydrate, and calcium content. The test procedure for each parameter observed is based on SNI 01-2354:2006. Sample testing was carried out in duplicate. The proximate composition of wet spring roll wrapper fortified with 6% patin fish bone flour consists of moisture, ash, fat, protein, carbohydrate, and calcium content respectively 60.21%, 2.61%, 0,71%, 3.96%, 32.51%, and 19.90 mg/100 g. Wet spring roll wrapper that was fortified with 6% patin fish bone flour (A1) had higher calcium content (19.90 mg/100 g) compared to wet spring roll wrapper with no fortification (control/A0) of the patin fish bone flour (8.22 mg/100 g). The moisture content of this calcium-rich wet spring roll wrapper is included in the Indonesian National Quality Standard (SNI) number 2987-2015 for wet noodles. This wet spring roll wrapper is one of diversified product using fishbone fortification to increase its calcium content. Keywords: fish bone, calsium, consumption, protein, wast

Sifat Fisikokimia, Antioksidan, dan Sensori Infusa Herbal Daun Beluntas (Pluchea indica Less) dengan Penambahan Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam): Physicochemical, Antioxidant, and Sensory Properties of Herbal Infusion of Pluchea indica Less Leaf with Moringa oleifera Lam Leaf Addition

Pluchea (Pluchea indica Less) leaf powder about 2 grams that was brewed in hot water at 95oC for 5 minutes resulted in herbal infusion with the highest panelist acceptance but low antioxidant activity compared to the other proportions in previous research. So that, it is necessary to add other herbs to increase antioxidant activity, i.e. moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam). This research aimed to determine the effect of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves powder proportion to physicochemical, antioxidant, and sensory properties on pluchea (Pluchea indica Less) leaf powder infusion. The design of the research was a randomized block design (RBD) with a single factor, i.e. the proportions of pluchea and moringa leaves powder consisting of 7 treatment levels [100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, and 40:60 (%w/w) respectively]. The result showed that the proportion of moringa leaves powder significantly influenced the physicochemical and sensory properties of infusion. The higher proportion of pluchea leaf powder caused the increasing of moisture content, pH, lightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*), hue (oh), and chroma (C), but the decreasing of total acid and turbidity of pluchea leaf powder infusion. The improvement of pluchea leaf powder proportion significantly reacted on the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities. The highest of the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities were had of pluchea leaves powder infusion at 100:0 (%w/w) proportion of moringa leaves. Based on sensory analysis, the best treatment of pluchea leaf powder infusion was obtained at pluchea and moringa leaves proportion at 90:10 (%w/w) with 1.04 score. In the future, this formulation can be used as an alternative of herbal drink.  Keywords: infusion, leaf powder, physicochemical, pluchea indica less, sensor

Analisis Preferensi Konsumen Terhadap Produk Bath Bomb Salt Lemongrass di Kabupaten Bangkalan, Madura

Bath bomb salt is a processed salt product and is a new product. New products need to test consumer preferences so that the product circulated follows the wishes of consumers. Consumer preferences are used to increase the effectiveness of marketing products or services. This study aims to determine consumer preferences for bath bomb salt lemongrass products and analyze consumer preferences using the conjoint analysis method on bath bomb salt products. The research method used is the conjoint method. The research was conducted in Bangkalan Regency and used 100 respondents. Based on the results of the research, it can be found that consumer preference attributes include color (varies), usage effect (safe for skin), benefits (removes dirt on the skin), and main ingredients (Epsom salt, sodium bicarbonate and citric acid). The order of consumer preferences for bath bomb salt lemongrass products is color with a weight value of 34.875%, benefits with a weight value of 22.733%, main ingredients with a weight value of 22.158%, and usage effects with a weight value of 20.234%. Keywords: bath bomb salt, conjoint analysis, consumer preference

Karakteristik Fisikokimia Tepung Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Varietas Lokal Merah dengan Fermentasi Spontan

Modification of flour was carried out to improve the functional properties of starch and to expand the use of starch in food products. Local red varieties of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) were modified by spontaneous fermentation to increase protein digestibility and carbohydrate digestibility. In this study, 2 stages were carried out, i.e. natural sorghum flour (TSA), and spontaneously fermented sorghum flour (TSFS) with 3 levels of fermentation times (12, 48, and 72 hours TSFS). The purpose of this study was to determine the physicochemical characteristics of local red sorghum flour using the spontaneous fermentation method. The resulting product was observed for amylose content, tannin content, color, and amylograph profile with a rapid visco analyzer (RVA). The results showed that the fermentation conditions with 72 hours of TSFS increased the highest amylose content (6.43% wb) followed by the greatest change in the amylograph profile of the peak viscosity (2621 cP) compared to the 12 hours of TSFS and 48 hours of TFSF. This correlated positively with a significant decrease in tannin content in the 72-hour TSFS treatment (7.53 mg as.tannat/g). The tannin content lost by this method reached 60% of sorghum flour without treatment (16.69 mg as.tannat/g). However, in the analysis of the brightness level of sorghum flour, it was shown that the brightest color was obtained in the 48 h TSFS treatment. Modification of sorghum flour by spontaneous fermentation (using aquades immersion) can increase starch degradation and effectively improve the physicochemical properties of local varieties of red sorghum flour. Keywords: fermentation, flour, modification, sorghu

Mutu Fisik Bubuk Kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val.) Hasil Pengeringan Microwave Berdasarkan Proses Blanching yang Berbeda

Curcuma domestica Val. is a kind of spice that can be processed become several kinds of processed products such as flavor and herb. The height of water content and water activity in Curcuma causes damage and decrease of curcuma quality. One of the correct handles to get qualified products with good quality and to decrease the damage is by doing blanching process and drainage using the microwave. This study aimed to determine the physical quality characteristics of dried turmeric based on the difference in microwave power and the type of blanching process. The experiment used in this study was a completely randomized design with two factors, namely: microwave power (307, 402, and 577 W) and types of blanching (hot water and steam). The data obtained was characteristic of the physical quality of turmeric powder comprising color, agglomeration angle, precipitation density, water absorption, and oil absorption. The result of the study indicated that the water content of fresh turmeric was between 92.11-94.41% and the dried turmeric was between 3.48-4.56%. The characteristic of physical quality of turmeric powder has brightness level (L) between 61.1-66.5; reddish level (a) between 13.2-18.; yellowish level (b) between 40.8-53.0; precipitation density between 0.31-0.36 g/cm3; agglomeration angle between 42.7o-46.1o; the water absorption between 4.6-5.8 mL/g; and the oil absorption between 1.43-1.63 mL/g. Microwave-dried turmeric powder with both blanching processes produced physical quality that met SNI 01-7084-1995 standards with brightness, reddish, yellowish level, bulk density, and agglomeration angle in steam blanching process higher than hot water blanching. Keywords: completely randomized design, drying, hot water, steam, turmeric powde