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Beitrag zur Festschrift für Ursula Georg

Lebensbewältigung in Zeiten der Covid-19-Pandemie. Zur Situation alleinstehender Frauen mit psychischen Erkrankungen.

In dieser Bachelorarbeit wird durch qualitative Forschung in Form von leitfadengestützten Interviews und qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse der Frage nachgegangen, wie sich die Lebensbewältigung alleinstehender Frauen mit psychischen Erkrankungen während der Covid-19-Pandemie im Jahr 2021 darstellt und was dies für die Soziale Arbeit bedeuten kann

Inline Inspection of Packaged Food Using Microwave/Terahertz Sensing—An Overview with Focus on Confectionery Products

Electromagnetic systems, in particular microwave/terahertz sensing technologies, are the newest among nondestructive sensing technologies. Currently, increased attention is pointed towards their use in various applications. Among these, food inspection stands out as a primary area due to its potential risk to human safety. As a result, substantial efforts are currently focused on utilizing microwave/terahertz imaging as a tool to enhance the efficacy of food quality assessments. This paper deals with the exploitation of microwave/terahertz imaging technology for food quality control and assessment. In particular, the work aims at reviewing the latest developments regarding the detection of internal quality parameters, such as foreign bodies, i.e., plastic, glass, and wood substances/fragments, as well as checking the completeness of the packaged food under consideration. Emphasis is placed on the (inline) inspection of wrapped/packaged food, such as chocolates, cookies, pastries, cakes, and similar confectionery products, moving along production conveyor belts. Moreover, the paper gives a recent overview of system prototypes and industrial products and highlights emerging research topics and future application directions in this area

Exploratory investigation of selected interfaces between hospital alarm and emergency planning and business continuity management systems in the context of the German “KRITIS-Dachgesetz”

Die Häufigkeit und Intensität globaler Katastrophen nehmen deutlich zu. Vermehrt betreffen deren Auswirkungen auch die Kritische Infrastruktur und führen zu Einschränkungen in der Funktionalität wichtiger Einrichtungen. Insbesondere in Krankenhäusern gibt es viele Prozesse, die es davor zu schützen gilt. Aus diesem Grund soll perspektivisch unter anderem das KRITIS-Dachgesetz auf Grundlage der CER-Richtlinie (EU 2022/2557) bis zum 17. Oktober 2024 verabschiedet werden. Eine Anforderung des KRITIS-Dachgesetztes wird zukünftig unter anderem die Erstellung von Maßnahmen zur Steigerung der Resilienz beinhalten, welche in Resilienzplänen nachgewiesen werden sollen. Die Maßnahmen aus betrieblichen Kontinuitätsstrategien (=Business Continuity Managementsystemen) können integraler Bestandteil der Resilienzpläne sein. In dieser Arbeit sollen Schnittstellen zwischen Business Continuity Managementsystemen und bereits bestehenden Krankenhausalarm- und -einsatzplänen identifiziert werden. Die Erkenntnisse sollen den von dem KRITIS-Dachgesetz betroffenen Krankenhäusern einen Einblick in die Anforderungen von Business Continuity Managementsystemen geben und dazu beitragen, Umsetzungsmöglichkeiten in Krankenhäusern aufzuzeigen. Im Bearbeitungszeitraum wurden 14 qualitative Experteninterviews mit Vertretern von Krankenhäusern, Behörden, juristischen Einrichtungen und internationalen Krisenvorsorgeexperten geführt, von denen 11 in dieser Forschungsarbeit ausgewertet werden. Die Befragungen wurden halbstrukturiert und mit einer explorativen Herangehensweise durchgeführt, um ein Meinungsbild zu den perspektivischen Anforderungen aus dem KRITIS-Dachgesetz zu erfassen, aktuelle Maßnahmen zur Steigerung der Resilienz in Krankenhäusern zu identifizieren und potenzielle Herausforderungen in der Umsetzung zu ermitteln. In den Befragungen wurde eine breite Zustimmung zur Notwendigkeit der Etablierung von Business Continuity Managementsystemen als integraler Bestandteil des Resilienzmanagements von Krankenhäusern festgestellt. Die wesentlichen Erkenntnisse sind die Unterscheidung zwischen ereignisspezifischen und prozessbezogenen Vorgehensweisen bei der Identifizierung von Risiken sowie die erweiterten Anforderungen des Business Continuity Managementsystem hinsichtlich des Wiederanlaufs und der Wiederherstellung von Prozessen und Systemen. Synchronisationspotenziale bietet die Krankenhauseinsatzleitung, welche ebenfalls im Business Continuity Managementsystem mit der besonderen Aufbauorganisation als zentrales Organ zur Ereignisbewältigung beschrieben wird. Ebenfalls können bereits vorhandene Redundanzen in die Anforderungen der betrieblichen Kontinuitätsstrategien übertragen werden. Ein zentrales Hindernis für die Umsetzung in Krankenhäusern kann die branchenspezifische Personalnot und die Insolvenzgefahr darstellen. Die Erkenntnisse wurden genutzt, um konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen für die Krankenhäuser zu entwickeln. Eine frühzeitige Identifizierung von Störungen, Notfällen oder Krisen und die entsprechende Meldung an die verantwortlichen Stellen sind wesentlicher Bestandteil einer erfolgreichen Ereignisbewältigung. Darauf aufbauend wird die Etablierung eines „Leiters KAEP“ empfohlen, welcher unter anderem für die Erstellung und Aktualisierung der Krankenhausalarm- und -einsatzpläne verantwortlich ist und über einen Gesamtüberblick der relevanten Schnittstellen und Abhängigkeiten aller Abteilungen im Krankenhaus verfügt.The frequency and intensity of global disasters are increasing significantly. Their effects are also increasingly affecting critical infrastructure and leading to restrictions in the functionality of important facilities. Hospitals in particular have many processes that need to be protected. For this reason, the "KRITIS-Dachgesetz" based on the CER Directive (EU 2022/2557) is to be adopted by October, 17 2024. One of the requirements of the "KRITIS-Dachgesetz" will in future include the creation of measures to increase resilience, which are to be demonstrated in resilience plans. The measures from business continuity strategies (= business continuity management systems) can be an integral part of the resilience plans. The aim of this work is to identify interfaces between business continuity management systems and existing hospital alarm and emergency plans. The findings are intended to give hospitals affected by the "KRITIS-Dachgesetz" an insight into the requirements of business continuity management systems and help to identify implementation options in hospitals. During the research period, 14 qualitative expert interviews were conducted with representatives of hospitals, authorities, legal institutions and international crisis prevention experts, 11 of which are analysed in this research paper. The interviews were semistructured and conducted using an exploratory approach in order to gather an opinion on the perspective requirements of the "KRITIS-Dachgesetz", identify current measures to increase resilience in hospitals and determine potential challenges in implementation. The surveys revealed broad agreement on the need to establish business continuity management systems as an integral part of resilience management in hospitals. The key findings are the distinction between event-specific and process-related procedures when identifying risks and the extended requirements of the business continuity management system with regard to the restart and recovery of processes and systems. Synchronisation potential is offered by the hospital operations management, which is also described in the business continuity management system with the special organisational structure as a central body for incident management. Existing redundancies can also be transferred to the requirements of operational continuity strategies. A key obstacle to implementation in hospitals can be the sector-specific staff shortage and the risk of insolvency. The findings were used to develop specific recommendations for action for hospitals. Early identification of disruptions, emergencies or crises and the corresponding reporting to the responsible parties are essential components of successful incident management. Based on this, the establishment of a "Head of KAEP" is recommended, who is responsible, among other things, for creating and updating the hospital alarm and emergency planning and has a complete overview of the relevant interfaces and dependencies of all departments in the hospital

Taking Flight for Nature's Plight: Framing Sustainable Reforestation with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)

This thesis conducted a two-fold approach to develop a sustainable reforestation framework that integrates Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) that focuses on early tree establishment. The research was prompted by a project for mangrove reforestation in Pakistan which aimed to utilise UAVs as a medium. Prior to the project’s initiation, several questions have emerged in consideration to reforestation success. The thesis begins by conducting a desk study that reviews factors of mortality and success of reforestation. Coupled with the growing interest to integrate UAVs into environmental conservation and preservation, a field experiment was then conducted. Based on this, a field experiment was created. It was designed to provide a baseline assessment on the drone’s first flight performance. Due to logistical issues, a field experiment was conducted in Germany instead of Pakistan, with similar physical characteristics of the site of reforestation. Main findings from this thesis includes: 1. Sowing depths from a higher altitude garnered more depths, 2. Most seeds were below 1cm of depth, 3. Published literature indicates that early tree establishment begins from a thorough examination of the environmental space, which includes the existing fauna as symbiotic relationships were essential to tree establishment, and 4. UAV-integrated research as main tools outside of monitoring were few. These findings are then synthesized and integrated to create the Sustainable UAV-Integrated Reforestation Framework (SURF). The framework was designed to be holistic and dynamic, with emphasis on ecological factors – an element that is often made secondary in reforestation policies or projects. Yet, a couple of drawbacks can be observed as the thesis experiment was only brief and garnered a relatively small sample

How to Decarbonize Greece by Comparing Wind and PV Energy: A Land Eligibility Analysis

To achieve sustainable development, the energy transition from lignite burning to renewable energy resources for electric power generation is essential for Greece. Wind and solar energy have emerged as significant sources in this transition. Surprisingly, numerous studies have examined the potential for onshore wind based on land eligibility, while few studies on open-field photovoltaic (PV) installations have been conducted. Therefore, based on the Specific Framework for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development for Renewable Energy Sources (SFSPSD-RES), along with insights from previous relevant studies, this work conducts a land eligibility analysis of onshore wind and open-field PV installations in Greece using the software Geospatial Land Availability for Energy Systems (GLAES 1.2.1) and ArcGIS 10.2. Additionally, through an in-depth exploration of wind and solar PV energy potential in decommissioned lignite mines integrated with wind power density (WPD) and global horizontal irradiation (GHI) maps, this study compares the suitability of wind versus solar as energy sources for the decarbonization of Greece. Overall, despite the greater spatial eligibility for onshore wind turbines compared to open-field PV power plants, the relatively lower wind energy potential and operational limitations of wind turbines lead to the study’s conclusion that solar energy (PV) is more suitable for the decarbonization of Greece

Effects of Laser Cleaning on the Condition of Different Silk Model Samples Using Varying Wavelengths and Pulse Durations

The cleaning of aged silk fibers poses a common challenge in the conservation of textiles, since traditional cleaning techniques often yield unsatisfactory results or even harm objects. In this regard, cleaning objects with laser radiation is a promising addition to the range of available methods. Due to it being contactless, even brittle and touch-sensitive objects with disfiguring or harmful soiling could potentially be cleaned and therefore made accessible for research and presentation. Examples of treatment have sometimes shown spectacular results. Still there is some skepticism concerning the safety of this treatment for textile materials, which has been strengthened through previous 532 nm wavelength nanosecond laser cleaning studies on silk fibers. Taking these published results into account, the range of examined laser parameters has been extended in this study, from 532 nm nanosecond laser to 1064 nm nanosecond and even 800 nm femtosecond laser, reevaluating the effect of this treatment on the fibers. The physicochemical processes taking place on the silk fibers when cleaning with lasers are complex and still not fully understood. The aim of this project was therefore to bring more clarification about potential effects of those processes on the condition of silk samples treated with a set of different parameters for wavelength, pulse duration, energy density and number of pulses per spot. It also looks at the influence of the presence of soiling on the results. The analysis of potential effects was then carried out using statistical methods and advanced analytics. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and colorimetry technology provided the required insights to better assess the effects. Results show that laser cleaning of silk fibers, like most other conventional cleaning techniques, is not completely without risk, but knowing what the possible effects are helps making decisions on whether the benefits of the technique used justify these risks

Design of Experiments for Process Optimization of the Direct Wacker-Type Oxidation of 1-Decene to n-Decanal

The rapid increase in the use and development of statistical design of experiments (DoE), particularly in pharmaceutical process development, has become increasingly important over the last decades. This rise aligns with Green Chemistry Principles, seeking reduced resource usage and heightened efficiency. In this study, we employed a comprehensive design of experiments (DoE) approach to optimize the catalytic conversion of 1-decene to n-decanal through direct Wacker-type oxidation using the previously determined efficient PdCl2(MeCN)2 catalytic system. The aim was to maximize selectivity and conversion efficiency. Through systematic variation of seven factors, including substrate amount, catalyst and co-catalyst amount, reaction temperature, reaction time, homogenization temperature, and water content, this study identified critical parameters influencing the process to direct the reaction toward the desired product. The statistical analysis revealed high significance for both selectivity and conversion, with surface diagrams illustrating optimal conditions. Notably, catalyst amount emerged as a pivotal factor influencing conversion, with reaction temperature and co-catalyst amount significantly affecting both conversion efficiency and selectivity. The refined model demonstrated strong correlations between predicted and observed values, highlighting the impact of these factors on both selectivity and conversion

Assessment of Bioenergy Potential from Biomass Waste to Improve Access to Clean Energy for Cooking in Mali

A lack of access to clean cooking fuels and technologies in Mali is causing negative health and welfare impacts on the population. There is a need to transition to cleaner cooking systems, and the production of biofuels is one promising solution. In order to successfully use biofuels in Malian households, it is necessary to calculate the sustainable bioenergy potential of the country. The aim of this study, therefore, was to assess this potential to determine if it can meet the cooking energy demand. Statistical data were used to estimate the bioenergy potential from three different biomass resources: crop residues, livestock waste, and municipal solid waste (MSW). Surveys in urban and rural areas in Mali were performed to assess cooking fuel consumption in the residential sector. Bioenergy potential and cooking energy demand were compared regionally to find out if biomass is a feasible substitute for traditional cooking fuels in Mali. It was shown that while there is high biogas potential in most of the regions, urban Bamako has a lack of biomass resources to cover the demand. Therefore, other clean alternatives like electric cooking should be considered for urban areas

Einrichten sicherer Datenbankanwendungen mit SQL

Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der immer vorhandenen Gefahr durch Cyberkriminelle auf Anwendungen und Informationssysteme. Die Informationssicherheit ist ein sehr umfangreiches Thema und sieht sich in der heutigen Zeit besonders starken Gefahren ausgesetzt, die durch die voranschreitende Digitalisierung immer gängiger werden. Durch ein gut eingerichtetes Datenbanksystem und einer gut entwickelten Datenbankanwendung soll es Anwendern ermöglicht werden, die Sicherheit dieser zu bewahren. Hierbei spielen Themen wie Authentifizierung, Zugriffskontrolle, PL/SQL Best Practices und Audits sowie Backups eine zentrale Rolle. Das Einrichten interner und externer Schutzmaßnah-men, explizit auch der Schutz vor SQL-Injektionen, sind die in dieser Arbeit zu behan-delnden Themen. Durch den korrekten Einsatz der prozeduralen Erweiterung von SQL sollen Schutzmechanismen erforscht und demonstriert werden, die eine Umfangreiche Bandbreite von potenziellen Angriffen abdecken können. Das Verständnis für den Einsatz der korrekten Verfahren soll über eine Methode, genannt Systematisches Risikomanagement, erörtert werden. In diesem Kontext werden Risiken identifiziert, um passende Lösungsvorschläge zu erforschen und zu präsentieren, um im Nachhinein ihren genauen Einsatz zu diskutieren. Durch den Einsatz der vorgestellten Methoden, Konzepte und Modelle soll die Sicherheitslandschaft im Bereich Informations- und Kommunikationstechnik optimiert werden, um einen soliden Schutz gegen präsente Gefahren zu leisten