Shaping a Sustainable Future: How Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions Drive Low-Carbon Development

Research Originality: The study examines the impact of deforestation, energy use, transportation, and industrialization in North Sumatra from 1991 to 2021 on low-carbon development. It aims to understand environmental change drivers and propose strategies to mitigate their negative effects on development.Research Objectives: This research aims to explore the relationship between deforestation, energy consumption, land transportation, and industrialization as factors influencing low-carbon development.Research Methods: The study examines factors influencing low-carbon development in North Sumatra from 1991 to 2021, including energy consumption, land transportation, industrialization, and deforestation, influenced by population density and property rights.Empirical Results: The study reveals that deforestation, energy consumption, land transportation, and industrialization significantly impact low-carbon development in North Sumatra, with population density positively influencing deforestation.Implications: The research suggests that the government should implement policies to reduce deforestation, increase public transportation usage, and promote electric vehicles to achieve low-carbon development, promote efficient energy consumption, and encourage environmentally friendly technological innovation.JEL Classification: F21, F43, G18, H21, R23How to Cite:Siregar, E. S. (2025). Shaping a Sustainable Future: How Energy Consumption and Carbon Emission Drive Low-Carbon Development. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 14(1), 93-110. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v14i1.44779

Dynamic Panel Data Analysis of Income Inequality in Indonesia

Research Originality: This study examines the short-term and long-term relationships between macroeconomic variables and income inequality, adopting a broader approach than previous research, which has primarily focused on partial and simultaneous influences on income inequality.Research Objectives: This study aims to analyze the dynamic variables that affect income inequality in Indonesia.Research Methods: This study uses panel data from 34 provinces in Indonesia from 2015 to 2023 and employs the Generalized Method of Moments Arellano Bond (GMM-AB) approach. This method was selected to address endogeneity and heteroscedasticity issues commonly encountered in panel data analysis.Empirical Results: The findings reveal that the Indonesian Democracy Index and the Gender Inequality Index significantly impact income inequality. Meanwhile, the ICT Development Index and the Human Development Index also exhibit significant influences. These results reinforce the argument that enhancing access to education and promoting gender equality are essential strategies for reducing income inequality.Implications: The study provides valuable insights for policymakers, emphasizing the need to strengthen democratic institutions and empower women through improved access to education and economic opportunities as key measures to mitigate income inequality.JEL Classification: D63, J16, O15, O32, P16How to Cite:Syafitri, A. E., Endang, E., & Susilo, J. E. (2025). Dynamic Panel Data Analysis of Income Inequality in Indonesia. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 14(1), 149-162. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v14i1.44943

Do Coffee Exports Have an Impact on Economic Growth in Indonesia?

Research Originality: The novelty lies in exploring an under-researched topic, with limited studies on the impact of coffee exports from 1993 to 2024, considering key events such as the Asian financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. Research Objectives:  This study examines the short-term and long-term effects of exchange rates and coffee exports on economic growth. Research Methods: This study utilizes data from 1993 to 2024 on exchange rates, coffee exports, recessions, and economic growth in Indonesia. The analysis is conducted using the ARDL model. Empirical Results: Exchange rate depreciation has a negative impact on GDP in the short term, while past depreciation has a positive effect on economic growth. The value of coffee exports has a marginal positive effect on GDP, while the volume of coffee exports shows inconsistent impacts. Recession does not significantly affect GDP, likely due to policy responses. Long-term estimates show a stable relationship among the variables, with adjustments occurring at a rate of 35.43% per period. Implications: The government should thoroughly evaluate existing policies with a focus on promoting economic growth, while enhancing the quality of Indonesian coffee exports to remain competitive globally. JEL Classification: C32, E01, F10, O11 How to Cite:Hikmatias, N.A., Zahra, Z.N., Octariyadi, N.U., & Sahara. (2025). Do Coffee Exports Have an Impact on Economic Growth in Indonesia?. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 14(2), 489-504. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v14i2.46425

Dynamic Analysis on the Determinants of Prevalence of Undernourishment in Indonesia: A System GMM Approach

Research Originality: This original study examines the determinants of undernourishment in Indonesia with mediating variables.Research Objectives: This study examines the impact of food production, inflation, unemployment, and social food assistance on undernourishment with people\u27s purchasing power as a mediating variable.Research Methods: Dynamic panel analysis with the Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) and Sobel test examines direct and mediation relationships for the data period 2018-2023.Empirical Results: The results show the direct and indirect effects of inflation, unemployment, and social food assistance on the prevalence of undernourishment in Indonesia through the mediation of people’s purchasing power. Meanwhile, food production has no effect either directly or indirectly.Implications: This study implies that the government must maintain stable inflation, create jobs, effectively target food assistance, and reduce reliance on social food assistance.JEL Classification: C31, G21, I32, O18How to Cite:Geubrina, Y., Suriani., & Seftarita, C. (2025). Dynamic Analysis on the Determinants of Prevalence of Undernourishment in Indonesia: A System GMM Approach. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 14(1), 111-130. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v14i1.42524

The Impact of Central Bank Policy Mix on Banking Risk Behavior

Research Originality: The study investigates the impact of a coordinated policy mix on Banking Risk Behavior in creating credit.Research Objectives: This research aims to determine the effect of the policy mix on lending and the role of risk behavior in Indonesia.Research Methods: We use the Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) estimation technique for data 2012Q1-2021Q3.Empirical Results: The study found that monetary policy does not affect credit directly through credit interest rates. Monetary policy affects credit indirectly through its ability to influence an internal variable of banks and strengthen it through interaction with macroprudential policies. The study found that deposit and capital determine the amount of credit disbursed. The study results found that the policy mix of monetary and macroprudential policies effectively influenced recognition in Indonesia. Mixed policies reinforce one another.Implications: To manage bank risk behavior in distributing credit, a mix of monetary and macroprudential policies is needed. When coordinated, both policies reinforce each other and are more effective than when done separately.JEL Classification: E52, E580, E510How to Cite:Wijaya, M. B. L., Wibisana, G. A. & Utama, C. (2025). The Impact of Central Bank Policy Mix on Banking Risk Behavior. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 14(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v14i1.4133

Unlocking Sustainability in Informal Micro Enterprises: Capital Access in The Fintech Era

Research Originality: This study offers a unique exploration of how capital access mediates the impact of financial literacy and fintech peer-to-peer (P2P) lending on the sustainability of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in traditional markets, utilizing SDG-based indicators. Research Object: This study examines the effects of financial literacy and fintech P2P lending on capital access and sustainability of MSEs in traditional markets. Research Methods: The study employed a quantitative approach, utilizing Structural Equation Modeling analysis, using 232 MSEs in Jakarta. Empirical Results: The findings indicate that financial literacy and fintech P2P lending have a positive impact on both capital access and the sustainability of MSEs. However, capital access did not significantly affect the sustainability of MSE or mediate either factor. Implications: The Financial Services Authority (OJK) must enhance legislation protecting MSEs from fintech risks and promote financial literacy. The OJK must coordinate P2P platforms, cooperatives, and MSE offices. Creating an inclusive fintech ecosystem for traditional market MSEs, with microloans and mentorship, is essential for viable financing. JEL Classification: G21, G53, L26, O16, Q01 How to Cite:Ispriyahadi, H., Zaenudin, Wati, L. N. (2025). Unlocking Sustainability in Informal Micro Enterprises: Capital Access in the Fintech Era. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 14(2), 467-488. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v14i2.46421

Gen Z’s Work Paradigm Shift: Determinants of Gig Economy Choice in Surakarta

Research Originality: The mixed-method approach combines quantitative and qualitative data, thereby providing a more comprehensive view of work preferences among the younger generation. Research Objectives: This research examines Generation Z\u27s work preferences about the gig economy in Surakarta. Research Methods: A mixed method was used, employing Atlas.ti for qualitative analysis and logistic regression for quantitative analysis. Empirical Results: Atlas.ti mapping identified five main categories in the gig economy: type of work, purpose of work, legal guarantees, barriers, and advantages and disadvantages. Logistic regression results revealed that income, reduced work stress, flexible arrangements, and work environment significantly influence Generation Z’s decision to engage in gig work. In contrast, age, gender, and education level showed no significant influence on the choice to work in this sector. Implications: These results highlight the need for legal frameworks that ensure fair protection and social benefits for gig workers, including health insurance, pension schemes, and fair wage standards. JEL Classification: J21, J22, J24, C25 How to Cite:Rahmawati, F. N., & Istiqomah, N. (2025). Gen Z’s Work Paradigm Shift: Determinants of Gig Economy Choice in Surakarta. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 14(2), 359-372. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v14i2.46135

Impacts of Rural Development on Human Development in Indonesia

Research Originality: This study presents a new analysis of the determinants of human development to implement the government’s vision of building Indonesia from the village and grassroots.Research Objectives: This study aims to determine the effects of rural development and fiscal policy on human development in Indonesia.Research Methods: This study uses data from 434 municipalities for the 2017-2023 period. The study employs panel data analysis with the Common Effect Model, Fixed Effect Model, Random Effect Model, and Generalized Estimating Equation.Empirical Results: The findings suggest that rural development, economic development, and expenditures on goods & services contribute to human development. In contrast, the COVID-19 pandemic and capital expenditures affect human development negatively. The negative effects of capital expenditures become positive after they become assets.Implications: The finding implies the important role of rural development in fostering human development. Short-run objectives might be achieved by goods & services expenditures. Capital expenditures should be directed toward long-run objectives. The central government may accelerate human development by transferring assets to the local government.JEL Classification: E62, H75, I38, O15How to Cite:Hadiwibowo, Y., Setiya, T., & Raharjo, T. (2025). Impacts of Rural Development on Human Development in Indonesia. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 14(1), 53-64. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v14i1.44453

Fiscal Sustainability and Country Risk Profile: Empirical Evidence in Indonesia

Research Originality: This research examines fiscal sustainability by considering the fiscal behavior of different government regimes and analyzing the correlation between fiscal sustainability and a country's risk profile using the VARX method, with the real effective exchange rate (REER) as an exogenous variable.Research Objectives: This study aims first to determine whether Indonesia's fiscal conditions are sustainable across different government regimes. It then investigates whether a significant link exists between Indonesia's fiscal sustainability and its country's risk profile, as reflected by sovereign spreads from 2005 to 2024.Research Methods: This study used the Vector Autoregressive Exogenous (VARX) method to capture endogeneity, exogeneity, simultaneity, direct effects, indirect effects, and shock-response of the variables used to measure the relationship between fiscal sustainability and sovereign risk.Empirical Results: The findings indicate a significant relationship between fiscal sustainability and country risk, where an increase in the primary balance raises investor risk perception. Meanwhile, if debt management policies are implemented prudently and effectively, a rise in the debt-to-GDP ratio does not always widen the sovereign spread.Implications: These results suggest that, despite differences in government regimes, policymakers should focus on strengthening the government's ability to manage debt prudently and either generate a primary balance surplus or reduce the deficit by sustainably enhancing revenue and spending policies to maintain fiscal sustainability and lower the country's risk profile.JEL Classification: H62, H60, H63, C32How to Cite:Mufid, A.H., & Widyawati, D. (2025). Fiscal Sustainability and Country Risk Profile: Empirical Evidence in Indonesia. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 14(1), 163-178. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v14i1.45801

The Impact of Investment and Labor Force Participation on Poverty in Aceh: The Mediating Role of Per Capita Income

Research Originality: Poverty remains a persistent challenge in Aceh Province despite multiple interventions. This study contributes to the literature by examining both the direct and indirect effects of investment and labor on poverty, as measured by per capita income, using path analysis. Research Objectives: The study aims to examine the impact of Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR), Domestic Investment (DI), and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on poverty, with per capita income (PCI) as a mediating factor. Research Methods: Time-series data from 2009 to 2023 were analyzed using path analysis to identify direct and indirect relationships. Empirical Results: Findings show that per capita income has the most substantial effect in reducing poverty. DI significantly influences poverty, both directly and indirectly, while LFPR and FDI exhibit no significant impact; however, both trends show a negative correlation with poverty. Implications: Poverty alleviation strategies should prioritize income growth through domestic investment optimization and enhancing workforce quality. JEL Classification: I32, I21, F21, O16 How to Cite:Wayus, D., Safuridar., & Syarief S. (2025). The Impact of Investment and Labor Force Participation on Poverty in Aceh: The Mediating Role of Per Capita Income. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 14(2), 505-520. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v14i2.46434