Determinants of Pastoralists Override to the Wildlife Conservation Policies in Muhesi Game Reserve, Tanzania.

The objective of this study was to explore the determinants of pastoralists' overrides to wildlife conservation policies in the Muhesi Game Reserve. Specifically, the study examined pastoral community's perception of wildlife resources; underlying factors that force pastoral communities to contravene conservation laws and communities' perceived ways for human-wildlife co-existence in the Muhesi Game Reserve. The pragmatic research philosophy influenced the research design to collect data from 391 respondents. It was found that local community in Muhesi Game Reserve (MGR) shows perceived values towards protecting wildlife and conserving plants, with positive perceptions of tourism benefits and employment opportunities for children in the reserve. The most commonly reported reasons for contravening conservation practices in Muhesi Game Reserve include pasture shortage, poor awareness, the presence of quality pastures in protected areas, local beliefs, inadequate rangelands, and water availability issues. To promote wildlife-human co-existence, the community emphasizes the importance of preventing wild animals from entering villages, improving education, translating conservation laws, sharing wildlife revenues, and involving local people in policy implementation. In conclusion, local communities have a positive perception of wildlife conservation. The study proposes strategies like improved education, better resource distribution, and active community involvement to foster wildlife-human co-existence. Keywords: Conservation, Pastoralism, Livestock Incursion, Community Engagement, Biodiversity

Factors Influencing the Successful Implementation of the National Inclusive Education Strategy in Primary Schools in Shinyanga District.

This research examined factors influencing the successful implementation of the National Inclusive Education Strategy in Primary Schools in Tanzania. A total of 89 respondents were sampled. Positivist philosophy, descriptive design and survey strategy was employed. Questionnaires were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, where table so frequency and percentage were used by the help of statistical package for asocial sciences (SPSS). Findings showed that an inclusive education is hampered by teachers’ unfavorable attitude. Also, it was found that the curriculum is content-loaded in such a way that it makes teacher to be unable to implement inclusive education. Moreover, findings indicated that teachers are not prepared well in terms of appropriate and professional training. It was concluded that challenges that hamper inclusive education manifest themselves in lack of teacher training, teachers’ attitude, as well as in the inflexible curriculum. Despite of efforts from national and international organizations to ensure that inclusive education practices are implemented in Tanzanian schools, there is still exclusion to a certain extent. It is recommended that the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training should provide teachers with sufficient support to curb negative attitudes to inclusive education. It was further recommended that in order for inclusion to succeed, the Ministry should offer in-service training in teaching learners with special educational needs to teachers. It is also the current curriculum should be adapted to ensure that the diverse needs of learners are catered for and that all learners are granted a chance to learn. Keywords: National Inclusive Education, Strategies, Implementation, Tanzani

Financing Mega Infrastructure Projects in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Strategic Imperatives and Policy Recommendation to Tanzania.

The main aim of this study is to assess financing mega infrastructure in developing countries a case study of Strategic Imperatives and Policy Recommendation to Tanzania. To fulfil this aim, the study has three clear objectives, which include evaluating the impacts of enhanced development project financing structure on infrastructure project development in Tanzania, evaluating the impacts of innovative project financing model on infrastructure project development in Tanzania, and determining the effect of financing policies on infrastructure project development in Tanzania. The study shows that project financing affects infrastructure development, and so do financing models and financing policies. The findings have also revealed significant gaps in policy coherence, regulatory efficiency, institutional capacity, and alignment with best practices. Furthermore, challenges such as inadequate funding, inefficient resource allocation, regulatory barriers, and lack of specialized expertise were revealed. Despite these challenges, there is substantial potential for leveraging innovative financing models like green bonds, infrastructure investment bonds, blended finance, and crowd funding. Keywords: Infrastructure financing, Project Financing, Innovative infrastructure financin

Effect of Short Training Programmes on Employee Performance in Bukoba Municipal Council, Kagera, Tanzania.

This study aimed at assessing the effect of short training programmes on employee performance in Bukoba municipal council, Kagera, Tanzania. Specifically, the study addressed the effect of skills development, knowledge sharing and ethical guidance on employee performance in Bukoba municipal council. Guided by the theory of Goal Setting and Task Performance and Social Exchange theory, this study adopted a positivistic philosophy. Structured questionnaires were distributed to 116 respondents using simple random sampling technique. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis. The results established that, skills development positively but insignificantly affect employee performance while knowledge sharing and ethical guidance positively and significantly affected employee performance in Bukoba municipal council. Therefore, it is suggested that, knowledge sharing and ethical guidance short-training programmes should be promoted by the human resource managers. It is also recommended that, skills development shorttraining programmes should not be ignored too. Keywords: Short training programmes, skills development, knowledge sharing, ethical guidance, employee performanc

The Role of Logistics in Disaster Risk Management. A Case of Fire Rescue Force in Dodoma.

This study explores the role of logistics in effective disaster risk management, focusing on the Fire and Rescue Force in Dodoma, Tanzania. The research examines the effectiveness of current logistical strategies and processes, evaluates the impact of logistical resources, and proposes improvements in logistical planning and coordination to enhance disaster management capabilities.The study employed a quantitative approach, descriptive design for a sample size of 194 respondents and use hypotheses to determine the significance of logistical factors in disaster management. The findings reveal that current logistical strategies and processes significantly contribute to disaster risk management, while the availability and quality of logistical resources positively impact efficiency and responsiveness. Additionally, enhancements in logistical planning and coordination markedly improve disaster management capabilities. These results underscore the pivotal role of well-structured logistical frameworks in disaster risk management and highlight the necessity for strategic investments in resources and planning. The study recommends for strengthening logistical systems, thereby enabling the Fire and Rescue Force in Dodoma to effectively manage disaster risks and enhance community safety. Key words:Disaster, risk management, Dodoma, Tanzani

Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Tanzania.

Tanzania has continued to experience relatively low levels of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) despite various efforts to attract international investors. This study was conducted to investigate the key factors influencing FDI in Tanzania, focusing specifically on the impact of market size, trade openness, and macroeconomic policy. The study employed a descriptive research design and used secondary timeseries data spanning from 1990 to 2021. Data were collected from reputable sources including the World Bank and Bank of Tanzania. To analyze the relationship between the selected variables and FDI inflows, correlation analysis and multiple regression techniques were applied. Diagnostic tests, including multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and unit root tests, were conducted to ensure the validity and reliability of the model. The findings reveal that both trade openness and macroeconomic policy have a statistically significant positive impact on FDI in Tanzania. Specifically, an increase in trade openness and improvements in macroeconomic policy are associated with increases in FDI inflows. However, market size was found to have an insignificant effect on FDI during the study period. These results suggest that foreign investors place more importance on stable economic policies and access to international trade than on the size of the domestic market. The study concludes that improving macroeconomic stability and enhancing trade openness are crucial strategies for increasing FDI in Tanzania. It recommends that the government adopt policies that promote a favorable investment climate, maintain fiscal and monetary discipline, and remove barriers to international trade in order to attract and sustain foreign investment. Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, Economics, Market Size, Trade Opennes

Examining the Factors Influencing Employees’ Health and Safety Management to Workplace Performance: Itilima District Council.

This study aimed at examining factors influencing health and safety management at workplace performance in Itilima District. Probability and Non-probability sampling procedures were used through stratified sampling, simple random sampling and purposeful sampling techniques in order to capture information from 322 respondents. Descriptive survey design was adopted in conducting this study with both quantitative and qualitative research approaches where quantitative approach used as the major approach applied, data were collected using Questionnaires with Observations. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, regression and multiple linear regression. In the findings, it is indicated that health and safety management at workplace performance in Itilima District is influenced by several factors including; accidents, diseases, competitive stress, culture and technology, economic circumstances due to low income, temperature and humidity, absenteeism and disabilities. Therefore, in this study, it is recommended that, the educational stake holders and the government at large have to take the results of the researcher's findings and apply it as a tool in resolving the factors influencing health and safety at work place for the improvement of workplace performance. Thus, health and safety at work place performance has great influence to the workers performance. Issues like accidents, diseases, competitive stress, culture and technology, economic circumstances due to low income, temperature and humidity, absenteeism and disabilities have to be taken as interventions to be addressed in yielding workplace performance. Keywords: Health and Safety, Employees’ Workplace, Performance, Management, Organization Cultur

Examining the Determinants of Corporate Social Responsibility Implementation in Non Governmental Organizations for Societal Well-Being: A Case of Kigoma, Tanzania.

The study investigated the factors that influence the implementation of corporate social responsibility in Non-Government Organizations in Kigoma, Tanzania. Specifically, the study aimed to examine external factors and internal factors and how they shape the implementation of CSR in NGOs. Also, to examine the challenges that hinders the implementing CSR in the nonprofit sector in Kigoma. The study was guided by Stakeholder and resource dependence theories. The research used positivism and interpretivism research paradigms. It used mixed research approaches involving qualitative and quantitative methods. The study employed descriptive and inferential research design. The sample size of 384 respondents was through random and 20 weee selected through purposive sampling process and stratified sampling technique, the data were collected using survey questionnaires and interview guide. Quantitative data was analyzed through Multiple Linear Regression and Chi-Square. Qualitative data were analyses using content analysis. Findings showed that organizational culture, resource availability, and institutional pressures play significant roles in shaping CSR practices. Negative community perception, financial sustainability, and staff turnover were obstacles to CSR implementation. It was concluded that strengthening organizational culture, enhancing resource availability and promoting collaborative initiatives. Policymakers are recommended to formulate supportive policies to encourage CSR adoption. Key words: Corporate social responsibility, On-Government Organizations, Tanzani

Effect of Employee Training on Successful Implementation of Strategic Plan in Public Sectors: A Case of Selected Organizations under the Ministry of Health in Tanzania.

This study, through Balanced Scorecard, supplemented by Goal Setting Theory aimed to examine the effect of employee training on successful implementation of strategic plan at selected public organizations in Tanzania with the objectives to determine the effect of skill development, employee adaptability, employee morale and employee awareness of organizational goals on successful implementation of strategic plan. The study was positivist research with a quantitative approach applying explanatory research design under a survey strategy. Population of the study was 541 staff of Medical Stores Department, National Health Insurance Fund, Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority, National Institute for Medical Research and National Public Health Laboratory where a sample of 230 staff was selected through systematic random sampling. Data was collected through questionnaires and analysed with multiple regression analysis. The study has found that skill development, employee morale and employee awareness of organizational goals were positive and statistically significant except employee adaptability which had a non-significant p-value. The findings therefore provide strong evidence that well designed employee training programs positively and significantly influence skill development, employee morale, and employee awareness of organizational goals, consequently enabling successful implementation of strategic plan in public sector. The study therefore recommends public sector organizations to strengthen provision of employee training to develop skills, increase morale and strengthen awareness of organizational goals to ensure successful implementation of their strategic plans. Keywords: Employee training, Capabilities, Strategic plan, public sector, Successful implementation of strategic plan

The Contribution of Conditional Cash Transfer on Women’s Empowerment: A Case of TASAF in Mtwara-Mikindani Municipality.

This study examined the contribution of TASAF conditional cash transfers on women's empowerment in Mtwara Mikindani Municipality. Specifically, the study aimed to determine the contribution of the conditional cash transfer program to women's social empowerment, examine the contribution of conditional cash transfer program on women's economic empowerment, and identify the challenges faced by women in accessing and obtaining the benefits of the TASAF conditional cash transfer program. The study applied empowerment theory to support the findings. The study used a case study design. The study applied simple random techniques to select a sample size of 98 beneficiaries. This research used a questionnaire with closed-ended questions to gather data. Data for the study were analyzed using descriptive analysis. The findings show that the CCT program helps beneficiaries in decision-making regarding the type of business to be done and expenditures in their household. Results further show that CCT programs have played a significant role in enabling individuals to start businesses and be the main financial providers in their households. Moreover, findings show that the funds received from CCT are sufficient to meet their financial needs. Therefore, the study concludes that the CCT program has empowered women both socially and economically. The study recommends training or workshops for women CCT program beneficiaries to increase their understanding of household expenditure decision-making, educating them on their rights, building confidence, and providing effective communication tools