HASIL DAN STABILITAS HASIL DUA PULUH GENOTIPE JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas L.) SELAMA SEMBILAN BELAS BULAN BERPRODUKSI

ABSTRAKPengujian interaksi genotipe dengan lingkungan (GxE) serta analisisstabilitas hasil suatu genotipe merupakan hal yang penting dalam programpemuliaan tanaman. Penelitian dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis hasil danstabilitas hasil 20 genotipe tanaman jarak pagar telah dilakukan di KebunPercobaan Pakuwon, Sukabumi, Jawa Barat, pada ketinggian tempat 450m dpl dengan jenis tanah Latosol dan tipe iklim B mulai bulan Mei 2008sampai Desember 2009. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah acak kelom-pok lengkap dengan 20 perlakuan genotipe tanaman dan tiga ulangan.Peubah yang dianalisis adalah jumlah buah panen selama 19 bulanberproduksi. Analisis ragam dilakukan secara gabungan antara 20 genotipedengan 19 lingkungan (umur tanaman) dan analisis stabilitas hasilmengikuti metode Eberhart dan Russel (1966). Hasil penelitian menunjuk-kan bahwa berdasarkan pada hasil jumlah buah panen selama 19 bulanberproduksi terdapat enam genotipe jarak pagar yang dapat diklasifikasi-kan ke dalam genotipe yang berdaya hasil tinggi dan stabil, yaitu PT7,PT13, PT14, PT15, PT33, dan 3189. Sedangkan MT7 dan HS49diklasifikasikan ke dalam genotipe berdaya hasil tinggi tetapi tidak stabil.Kata kunci : Jatropha curcas L., interaksi GxE, hasil, stabilitas hasilABSTRACTYield and yield stability of twenty genotypes of physic nut(Jatropha curcas L.) during nineteen months ofproductionGenotype and environment interaction (GxE) and yield stabilityanalysis of the genotypes is more important in plant breeding program.This experiment was carried out from May 2008 until December 2009 atPakuwon Experimental Station, Sukabumi, West Java with altitude about450 m above sea level, Latosol soil type and B climate type. The objectiveof this experiment was to analyze the yield and yield stability of 20genotypes of physic nut. Randomized complete block design with 20treatments of physic nut genotype and three replications was used in thisstudy, and the variabel observed was number of fruit harvested per month.Data were analyzed by combined analysis of variance and stabilityanalysis using Eberhart and Russel (1966) methods. Result showed thatbased on number of fruit harvested during 19 months production the PT7,PT13, PT14, PT15, PT33 and 3189 were classified as high yielding andstable genotypes. While, MT7 and HS49 were classified as high yieldingand unstable genotypes.Key words : Jatropha curcas L., GxE interaction, yield, yield stability

KAJIAN KELAYAKAN USAHATANI POLA TANAM SAMBILOTO DENGAN JAGUNG

ABSTRAKSambiloto (Andrografis paniculata Nees) secara alami hidup suburdi antara tegakan hutan. Hal ini megindikasikan bahwa tanaman ini toleranterhadap naungan. Kajian pola tanam jagung dan sambiloto diharapkanmendorong efisiensi produksi dan meningkatkan daya saing. Percobaandilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Cimanggu Bogor pada tanah Latosol,ketinggian 240 m dpl, tipe iklim A. Penanaman pada bulan Nopember2003 dan panen mulai bulan Maret 2004 selama 5 kali panen denganselang setiap 2 bulan. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok(RAK) 6 kali ulangan dengan 4 perlakuan, yaitu : (1) monokultursambiloto, (2) sambiloto + jagung jarak tanam 150 cm x 20 cm, (3)sambiloto + jagung jarak tanam 120 cm x 20 cm, (4) sambiloto + jagungjarak tanam 90 cm x 20 cm. Bibit sambiloto disemaikan selama 2 bulandan ditanam dengan jarak tanam 30 cm x 40 cm, dipupuk dengan 10 tonpupuk kandang, 150 kg urea, 150 kg SP-36, dan 150 kg KCl per ha.Pupuk kandang, SP-36, dan KCl seluruhnya diberikan pada saat tanam.Urea diberikan masing-masing 1/3 bagian pada umur 0, 1, dan 2 BST(Bulan Sesudah Tanam). Untuk setiap ha tanaman jagung dipupuk dengan5 ton pupuk kandang, 300 kg SP-36, dan 200 kg KCl yang diberikan padasaat tanam, dan 300 kg urea diberikan masing-masing 1/2 bagian padaumur 0, dan 1 BST. Benih jagung (Hibrida lokal R-01) ditanam 2 butir perlubang tanam, ditanam 2 kali selama musim tanam yaitu pertama 2 minggusebelum penanaman sambiloto, dan penanaman kedua 75 hari setelahpenanam jagung yang pertama. Data input-output usahatani dianalis secaradeskriptif dilanjutkan dengan analisis B/C rasio dan sensitivitas. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan mutu simplisia semua pola tanam memenuhistandard Materia Medika Indonesia. Produktivitas sambiloto per m 2 makinmenurun dengan kerapatan pola tanam; pada pola monokultur diperolehhasil 1,1 kg/m 2 sedangkan pada pola tanam dengan jagung jarak tanam 90cm x 20 cm menghasilkan 0,5 kg/m 2 terna basah. Produktivitas jagung perm 2  meningkat dengan makin rapatnya pola tanam yaitu mencapai 13,3tongkol pada jagung jarak tanam 150 cm x 20 cm, dan 22,2 tongkol padajarak tanam jagung 90 cm x 20 cm. Biaya produksi sambiloto sebagianbesar untuk bibit (Rp. 300/tanaman); biaya bibit tertinggi pada pola tanammonokultur yaitu 66,5% dari total biaya usahatani dan terendah pada polatanam dengan jagung jarak tanam 90 cm x 20 cm yaitu 36%. Untukmenekan biaya usahatani disarankan petani melakukan penyemaian benihsendiri. Pola tanam sambiloto dengan jagung jarak tanam 90 cm x 20 cm,paling layak secara finansial dengan pendapatan bersih mencapaiRp1.188.360 dan B/C rasio 1,45 per 1.000 m2 lahan dan memberikansumbangan lebih dari 20% terhadap pendapatan petani sebagai managerusahatani, mempunyai daya adaptasi yang cukup fleksibel terhadapperubahan biaya produksi dan harga produk, serta memberikan tambahanpendapatan bersih (keuntungan sebesar) Rp.51.675/1.000 m 2 lahandibandingkan pola monokultur.Kata kunci : Sambiloto, Andrografis paniculata Nees, jagung, polatanam,usahatani, produksi, Jawa BaratABSTRACTFeasibility study of king bitter and corn cropping patternKing bitter (Andrografis paniculata Nees) is naturally grown wildlyunder forest trees. This indicates that the plant is shade tolerant. Thecropping pattern of the plant with corn was expected to improve itsproduction efficiency and compatibility. The experiment was conducted inthe Cimanggu Experimental Garden Bogor, Latosol soil type, elevation240 m above sea level, climate type A of Schmidt and Fergusson. Plantingwas done November 2003. The experiment was designed in a randomizedblock with 6 replications. Treatments were (1) monoculture of king bittercropping pattern, (2) king bitter and corn (in a plant spacing 150 cm x 20cm) cropping pattern, (3) king bitter and corn (in a plant spacing 120 cm x20 cm) cropping pattern, (4) king bitter and corn (in a plant spacing 90 cmx 20 cm) cropping pattern. King bitter was planted at 30 cm x 40 cmspacing, fertilized with 10 tons manure + 150 kg SP-36 + 150 kg KCl and150 kg urea fertilizer was applied one of third dosage in 0, 1, and 2 monthsafter planting. Corn was grown twice during the experiment; first wasplanted 2 weeks prior to planting of the king bitter, and second was 75days after the first planting. Corn was fertilized with 5 tons manure + 300kg SP36 + 200 kg KCl per ha, and 300 kg urea fertilizer was applied halfdosage in 0, and 1 months after planting. First harvest of the king bitterwas done in March 2004, followed with 5 harvests every 2 months.Farming efficiency was analyzed using descriptive analysis, B/C ratio andsensitivity analysis. The results showed that quality of dry raw material ofking bitter matched with MMI standard. Productivity of king bitterdecreased by the increasing population of corn in cropping pattern, inmonoculture bitter king productivity was 1.1 kg/m 2 decreased to 0.5 kg/m 2in cropping pattern king bitter and corn (in a plant spacing 90 cm x 20 cm).In opposite, the productivity of corn increased by the increasingpopulation of corn in cropping pattern, that were 13.3 cobs/m 2 in croppingpattern king bitter and corn (in a plant spacing 150 cm x 20 cm) increasedto 22.2 cobs /m 2  in cropping pattern king bitter and corn (in a plant spacing90 cm x 20 cm). Most of king bitter production cost (Rp. 300/polybag),isfor seedlings. In monoculture of king bitter, seedling cost of king bitterwas 66,5% of production cost, and in cropping pattern king bitter and corn(in a plant spacing 90 cm x 20 cm) the seedling cost was 36% ofproduction cost. To reduce production cost, farmers suggested to producethe seedlings by themselves. The study suggested that the best croppingpattern was king bitter planted with corn at 90 cm x 20 cm planting space.This cropping pattern financially acceptable as it raised income as much asRp.1,188,360, B/C ratio 1,45 per 1.000 m2 and gave more then 20% ofmanagement income which was more adaptable to fluctuation productioncost and price of product, and gave Rp. 51,675/1.000 m 2  net benefitcompared to monoculture of king bitterKey words: Sambiloto, Andrografis paniculata Nees, corn, croppingpattern, farming, production, West Jav

POTENSI HASIL GALUR-GALUR F1 MANDUL JANTAN KAPAS PADA PERSILANGAN ALAMI

ABSTRAKProduksi benih varietas kapas hibrida dapat ditempuh dengan duacara, yaitu dengan persilangan manual dan dengan memanfaatkan galurmandul jantan (male-sterile line). Memproduksi benih kapas secarapersilangan manual memerlukan tenaga dan biaya yang tinggi, dan biayatersebut dapat dikurangi dengan menggunakan galur male steril. Penelitiandilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakaudan Serat, di Karangploso, Malang, Jawa Timur, dari bulan April sampaiOktober 2007. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi hasilgalur-galur mandul jantan kapas untuk memproduksi benih hibrida. Tigaaksesi kapas yaitu KI 487, KI 489, dan KI 494 yang memiliki persentasetanaman mandul jantan masing-masing 60,8%, 57,5%, dan 65% telahdigunakan sebagai donor sifat mandul jantan dan telah dilakukan introgresisifat mandul jantan dari ketiga aksesi tersebut ke varietas komersialKanesia 7, Kanesia 8, dan Kanesia 9 melalui persilangan pada tahun 2006dan diperoleh 9 set kombinasi persilangan. Pada tahun 2007, evaluasipotensi galur dilakukan terhadap 8 galur F1 mandul jantan, 3 tetua jantanyaitu varietas Kanesia 7, Kanesia 8, dan Kanesia 9, serta satu varietas baruyaitu Kanesia 12 sebagai pembanding yang disusun dalam rancangan acakkelompok yang diulang 3 kali. Plot percobaan berukuran 3 x 10 m 2dengan jarak tanam 100 cm x 25 cm; satu tanaman per lubang. Dosispupuk yang digunakan adalah 100 kg urea + 100kg ZA + 100kg SP 36 +100kg KCL per ha. Tidak dilakukan pengendalian hama denganinsektisida kimia selama penelitian. Pengamatan yang dilakukan adalahkemandulan benangsari secara visual dan mikroskopis, jumlah buah pertanaman, bobot buah, dan hasil kapas berbiji. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa pengamatan secara visual dan mikroskopis terhadapstruktur bunga menunjukkan bahwa semua individu tanaman dari 8 galurF1 yang diuji adalah mandul jantan. Jumlah buah galur mandul jantan 7 –96% lebih banyak tetapi ukuran buahnya lebih kecil dibandingkan denganKanesia. Galur-galur mandul jantan KI 494 x Kanesia 7 dan KI 494 xKanesia 8 memberikan hasil kapas berbiji paling tinggi masing-masing2.609kg dan 2.153kg per hektar dibandingkan dengan galur-galur lain,atau sebesar 94 % dan 95% dibandingkan dengan Kanesia 7 dan Kanesia8. Persilangan alami galur-galur tersebut bervariasi sebesar 51 – 95%.Kata kunci : Kapas, Gossypium hirsutum. L., mandul jantan, benih hibridaABSTRACTCotton yield potential of F1 male sterile lines undernatural crossingCotton hybrid seed production can be done by manual crossing andby using male steril line methods. The manual crossing technique ishowever labor dan cost intensive, and the cost can only be reduced byusing male sterile lines. The experiment was conducted in KarangplosoExperimental Station of Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops ResearchInstitute (IToFCRI), Malang, East Java, from April to Oktober 2007aiming to evaluate the yield potential of cotton male sterile lines. Threecotton accessions e.i KI 487, KI 489, and KI 494 which have male sterilitypercentage of 60.8%, 57.5%, and 65%, respectively, were used as donorfor male sterility and were then introgressed to three commercial cottonvariety, Kanesia 7, Kanesia 8, and Kanesia 9 through manual crossing, andthat resulted in nine sets of crossing combinations. In 2007, yield potentialwere studied including 8 F1 male sterile lines, 3 male parent lines (Kanesia7, Kanesia 8, and Kanesia 9), and one new cotton variety, Kanesia 12, ascontrol in a randomized block design with 3 replications. Plot size was 3 x10 m 2 with 100 cm x 25 cm plant spacing; one plant per hill. Fertilizerdosage was 100kg urea + 100kg ZA + 100kg SP 36 + 100kg KCl per ha.Chemical insecticide was not used for insect protection during theresearch. Parameters observed were plants male sterility, number of bollsper plant, boll weight, and seed cotton yield. The experimental resultshowed that both visual and microscopic observation of male sterility onindividual plants confirmed that the eight F1 lines tested were male sterile.Number of bolls per plant of male sterile lines were 7 – 96% higher thanthat of Kanesia’s, but boll size was smaller. Lines KI 494 x Kanesia 7 andKI 494 x Kanesia 8 produced highest cotton seed yield of 2609 kg and2153 kg per hectar, respectively, which were 94% and 95% of that of theirmale parents, Kanesia 7 and Kanesia 8, respectively. Natural crossing ofthose lines varied around 51 – 95%.Key words : Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum. L., male sterile, hybrid see

DOSIS SUBLETAL S/NPV DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP TRANSMISI VERTIKAL PADA LARVA Spodoptera litura F.

Ketcrganlungan pada insektisida kimia dalam pengendalian serangga hama kapas merupakan salah satu alasan pemanfaatan patogen serangga, khususnya S/NPV untuk mengendalikan larva S. litura. Mcskipun secara tcknis agen pengendalian ini cukup potensial mengendalikan hama sasaran, tetapi pemanfaatannya secara luas masih menghadapi banyak kendala, salah satunya adalah tcrbalasnya produk komersial yang menyebabkan aplikasi kurang optimal. Fcnomena transmisi vetikal S/NPV pada generasi hama bcikutnya cukup berpotensi mengendalikan inangnya secara langsung. Penelitian ini dilakukan di l-aboratorium Hama Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat Malang, mulai April hingga Agustus 2002. Tujuannya adalah untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai pengaruh dosis subletal S/NPV pada perkembangan larva S. lilura dan potensinya dalam mentransmisikan infeksi S/NPV pada generasi bcrikutnya (FI). Penelitian disusun secara faktorial dengan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri atas dua faktor. Faktor petama adalah instar larva S. litura terdiri atas dua taraf, yailu: (1) instar ketiga, dan (2) instar kelima. Faktor kedua adalah dosis subletal S/NPV terdiri atas liga laraf, yaitu 5000. 50 000: dan 500 000 PlB'larva. Sebagai pembanding perlakuan digunakan kontrol (tanpa perlakuan S/NPV), dan setiap perlakuan diulang empat kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh dosis subletal S/NPV pada larva S. litura instar ketiga dan kelima, selain menyebabkan motalitas larva, juga mengurangi bobot pupa dan jumlah lelur Larva instar ketiga lebih peka icrhadap infeksi S/NPV yang menyebabkan pupanya mcmiliki bobol (erendah, yaitu 211.5 mg pada laraf dosis 50 000 PIB/larva. Rendahnya bobol pupa berkorelasi positif dengan menurunnya jumlah telur imago, yaitu hanya mencapai 30% (502 butir) dari jumlah telur pada kontrol Peningkatan laraf dosis subletal meningkatkan persentase telur ter¬ kontaminasi polihedra, yaitu tertinggi 24% pada taraf dosis 500 000 PIB/larva, dan juga menurunkan daya tetas telur. Sterilisasi berpotensi menghambat transmisi vetikal S/NPV pada generasi berikutnya (FI), sehingga menurunkan persentase motalitas larva neonate FI. Tanpa sterilisasi pada lelur, motalitas larva neonate IT mencapai t 20%, tetapi dengan sterilisasi menyebabkan motalilas larva rendah yaitu t 5%.Kata kunci : Dosis subletal, entomopatogen S/NPV, transmisi vertikal, S. litura, instar, mortalitas, pupa, neonate, cpizootik. kapas ABSTRACTSublelhal dose of SINPV and its effects on vertical transmission on larvae of Spodoptera lituraOne reason of the use of cnlomopathogen is to reduce chemical inscctisides application on cotton pest insect control S/NPV is one of ihe effective entomopathogen to control S. litura larvae. Technically, this biological agent is effective to control the insect pest, however it is not used widely because of its limited commercial product. Solving this problem is needed such as searching for another information about killing potential of S/NPV to the next generation of the insect pest, especially to anticipate the less frequency of its application. Therefore, infection through vetical transmission is one of ihe solutions. The research were conducted al the Laboratory of F-ntomology of Indonesian Tobacco and Fibre Crops Research Institute (ITOFCRI), Malang, from April to August 2003. The aim of the study was to get information about sublcthal doses of S/NPV and its effect to S litura larvae development and vetical transmission potency to Ihe next larval generation (FI) of Ihe insect pesl. This study was arranged in factorial by using Randomized Block Design with 2 factors: (1) instar of larvae (third and fith instar), (2) sublethal doses of S/NPV (5 000; 50 000, and 500 000 PIB.larvac) and one control (untreated) as a comparison to treatments. The result showed thai the effect of sublelhal doses of S/NPV on (he third and fith instars of S. litura larvae was nol only caused mortality, but also less pupal weight and egg numbers. The third instar of larvae was more susceptible to S/NPV infection which caused lowest weight of pupae ca. 211.5 mg at 50 000 PIB/larva level of dose. There was positive correlation between less pupal weight and decreased of egg numbers which only 30% (502 eggs) of that in control Increasing sublethal dose of S/NPV would increased polyhcdra- contaminatcd eggs by 24% at 500 000 PIB/larvae and decrease the egg hatch. Egg surface sterilization would obstruct vetical transmission of S/NPV to their new generation of larvae (FI), so it decreases the percentage of neonate larval motality rom 20% to 5% when untreated and treated surface egg sterilization, respectively.Key words: Sublethal dose, entomopathogenic S/NPV. vetical transmission, S. lilura, instar, mortality, pupae, neonate, epizootic, cotto

PEMILIHAN BATANG BAWAH JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas Linn.) TOLERAN TERHADAP CEKAMAN KEKERINGAN

ABSTRA

KARAKTERISTIK FISIOLOGI ISOLAT Pleurotus spp.

ABSTRAKStudi in vitro tentang karakteristik fungi isolat Pleurotus spp. telahdilaksanakan di Bogor dari bulan Juli sampai Agustus 2004. Penelitianmenggunakan rancangan faktorial dalam rancangan acak lengkap danbertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh media, temperatur inkubasi dan pHmedia terhadap 6 isolat Pleurotus sp. Karakter lain yang juga dipelajariadalah kemampuan untuk mengoksidasi asam tanat dan asam galat dalammedia agar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pleurotus isolat sp.6dan sp.8 tumbuh baik pada media MPA, isolat Pleurotus sp.1, 3 dan 4pada media MEA dan isolate sp.2 pada media PDA. Kecuali isolat sp.8,isolat lainnya tidak dapat tumbuh pada temperatur 10 dan 35 o C. Pertum-buhan isolat sp.8 terbaik dibandingkan isolat lainnya pada semuatemperatur. Diameter koloni isolat lainnya hanya mencapai 0,2 – 2,33 cm.Pertumbuhan isolat sp.8 juga terbaik pada semua pH media diikuti isolatsp.6 kemudian isolat sp.4. Semua isolat menunjukkan reaksi oksidasipositif pada agar asam tanat dan asam galat yang ditunjukkan oleh warnacoklat pada media yang melingkari koloni.Kata kunci : Pleurotus spp, media, temperature, pH, oksidasi, asam tanat,asam galatABSTRACTPhysiological Characteristics of Pleurotus spp. IsolatesPhysiological characteristics of some Pleurotus sp. isolates werestudied in vitro, from July until August 2004 in Bogor. Experiments tostudy the effect of kind of media, temperature of incubation room, and pHof medium on six isolates of Pleurotus sp. were arranged in factorialrandomized complete design and replicated three times with colony in apetri dish as experimental units. Another physiological character studiedwas the ability to oxidize tannic and gallic acids in agar medium. Resultsshowed that isolates Pleurotus sp.6 and -8 grew better in MPA medium,Pleurotus sp.1, -3, and -4 in MEA, and Pleurotus sp.2 in PDA. ExceptPleurotus sp.8, other isolates could not grow in incubation roomtemperature of 10 and 35 o  C. The growth of Pleurotus sp.8 was the bestamong the isolates in all temperature levels. Other isolates grew poorly in20 and 29o C with diameter range was 0.2 – 2.33 cm. The growth ofPleurotus sp.8 was also the best in all pH medium levels, followed byPleurotus sp.6, and then Pleurotus sp.4. All isolates showed positiveoxidative reaction on tannic and gallic acid agar indicated by brown colorof the medium around the colony.Key words: Pleurotus spp., medium, temperature, pH, oxidation, tannicacid, gallic aci

PENYARINGAN GALUR HASIL PERSILANGAN TEMBAKAU MADURA DAN ORIENTAL BERDASARKAN INDEKS TANAMAN DAN KADAR NIKOTIN

This expeiment was caried out at Palalang Village, Sub Pakong Distict, Pamekasan District, rom April to October 2000. There were 137 treatments, consisted of 100 FS lines [number 1 to 50 were progeny of Prancak-95 x IW (oriental), number 51 to 100 were progeny of Prancak-95 x IS (oiental)], 36 lines were selected from local cultivar, and Prancak-95 as a check variety. This experiment was arranged in randomized block design, two replications. The objective of this research was to select the promising lines based on crop index and nicotine content. Each lines were morphologically homogen, the potency of yield and quality among lines were significantly different. Foty-four lines were selected. They were resemble to Prancak-95, their nicotine content varied from 1.84% to 4.09%. Genotype and phenotype correlation between nicotine content and yield and grade index were not significantly different. There were 11 selected lines out of the 44 with crop index higher than that of Prancak-95, and their nicotine content vaied from 1.90 -3.96%

PENGARUH JAMU HERBAL SEBAGAI ANTIKOKSIDIA PADA AYAM PEDAGING YANG DIINFEKSI Eimeria tenella

ABSTRA

KERAGAAN PERBENIHAN JAHE DI JAWA BARAT

Untuk memperbaiki sistem perbenihan jahe telah dilakukan penelitian terhadap pctani maju di Jawa Barat yang secara tradisional mcnsuplai kebutuhan benih jahe untuk petani disekitarnya atau petani di daerah lain. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei di dua kabupaten, yaitu Majalengka (Kecamatan Banjaran dan Lemah Sugih) dan Kabupaten Sukabumi (Kecamatan Parakan Salak, Jampang Tengah, Tegallega, dan Waning Kiara). Wawancara dilakukan secara langsung dengan petani maju meliputi kondisi lahan, cara budidaya, panen, dan penanganan benih. Contoh rimpang diambil secara acak dai hasil panen petani kemudian dianalisis kualitasnya meliputi: penampilan fisik, berat rimpang, kadar air, serat, dan pati, serta jenis OPT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada petani yang secara khusus menanam jahe untuk benih. Lahan pertanaman jahe bcrada pada kisaran kelinggian tempat (dpi) 400-800 m. Sumber benih berasal dari hasil panen tahun sebelumnya Cara penanganan benih ada yang dihampar di atas rak bambu atau di gelar di atas tanah di bawah kolong rumah. Sebelum ditanam, benih diperlakukan tcrlebih dahulu dengan fungisida atau bakterisida. Petani menanam jahe dengan sistem polikultur dengan tanaman lain seperti kacang tanah, jagung, pisang, bawang merah, dan bawang daun. Cara tanam ada yang menggunakan bedengan (umumnya di Majalengka), sedangkan di Sukabumi umumnya tidak menggunakan bedengan, jarak tanam bervariasi antara 20 x 30 cm di dalam baris dan 30-80 cm antar baris. Panen dilakukan setelah tanaman berumur 8-10 bulan Hasil analisis kandungan pati cukup tinggi 42.4 - 56.35%, serat 5.67 - 7.40%, dan kadar air 8.37- 9.80%. Jenis OPT yang paling banyak ditemukan pada contoh benih jahe Aspidiella hartii. Mimegralla, dan Meloidogyne spp., sedangkan Ralstonia solanacearum tidak ditemukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa untuk membentuk suatu sistem produksi benih jahe yang standar maka unsur yang sangat menentukan adalah umur panen harus cukup tua (9-10 bulan), bebas dari OPT, dan penanaman bisa secara polikultur dengan tanaman bukan inang.Kata kunci: Jahe, Zingiber officinale, perbenihan, benih, OPT, hama, penyakit ABSTRACT Performance of indigenous ginger seed systems in West JavaTo improve the system of ginger seed production, a study was conducted on developed ginger farmers in West Java who traditionally supplied ginger seeds to the farmers in the surrounding area or in other area. The research was conducted by survey method in two districts, Majalengka (Banjaran and Lemah Sugih sub districts) and Sukabumi (Parakan Salak, Jampang Tengah, Tegalega and Warung Kiara). Direct dialogue to farmer was used to discuss about land condition, cultivation method, harversting and seed management. The rhizome/seed sample was taken by random from the farmers, then it was analyzed for quality, such physical quality, weight of rhizome, moisture content, fiber, carbohydrate and kinds of pest and deseases. The result of the research showed that there were no farmers who special cultivated ginger for seed. Ginger land area was located about 400-800 m above sea level (asl). Seed source was derived from the ginger seed of previous harvest. The ginger seeds were directly spread on bamboo rack or in the space under the house. Before planting, the seeds were treated with fungicide or bactcricide. The farmers, planted ginger by polyculiurc system with peanut, maize, banana, shallot, and green shallot. Generally, in Majalengka District, the farmers planted their ginger using seed bed method, while in Sukabumi the fanners planted of ginger without seed beds. Plant spacing was 20-40 cm in the row and 30-80 cm between rows. Harvest was done 8-10 months ater planting. Carbohydrate content was relatively high 42.4 - 56.35%, fiber 5.67-7.40% and moisture content 8.37- 9.80%. The majority of pest and disease found in ginger seed were Aspidiella hartii, Mimegralla and Meloidogyne, while the dangerous disease such as Rasllonia solanacearum was not found. Based on the result of research it could be recommended that to develop a standard ginger seed system the harvesting time is 9 to 10 months ater planting, seed are free from disease attack, and the ginger can be cropping system with non hostplant.Key words: Ginger, Zingiber officinale, seed system, seed, pest, diseas

RESPON TEMULAWAK (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) HASIL RIMPANG KULTUR JARINGAN GENERASI KEDUA TERHADAP PEMUPUKAN

ABSTRAKPenelitian mengenai respon temulawak hasil rimpang kulturjaringan generasi kedua terhadap pemupukan telah dilaksanakan di lahanpetani Sumur Wangi, Kecamatan Tanah Sareal, Bogor dari bulan Oktober2002 sampai bulan September 2003. Bahan tanaman yang digunakansebagai benih adalah rimpang induk temulawak hasil kultur jaringangenerasi kedua. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah : (1) tanpa pupuk (kontrol),(2) pupuk kandang kambing 1 kg/tanaman, (3) pupuk kandang kambing 2kg/tanaman, (4) pupuk kandang kambing 1 kg/tanaman + pupuk buatanyaitu urea 2 g/tanaman, SP-36 1,8 g/tanaman dan KCL 2,7 g/tanaman dan,(5) pupuk kandang kambing 2 kg/tanaman + pupuk buatan urea 2g/tanaman, SP-36 1,8 g/tanaman dan KCL 2,7 g/tanaman. Rancangan yangdigunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Setiapulangan terdiri atas sepuluh tanaman. Jarak tanam yang digunakan adalah60 cm x 60 cm. Parameter yang diamati adalah persentase tumbuh, jumlahanakan, tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang dan lebar daun serta lingkarbatang pada umur empat bulan, bobot rimpang per tanaman, panjang, lebardan diameter rimpang, jumlah rimpang induk serta analisa mutu yangmeliputi kadar air, kadar minyak atsiri dan kurkumin pada umursembilan bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah anakan,tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan panjang daun tidak dipengaruhi olehaplikasi pemupukan. Respon tanaman terhadap aplikasi pemupukanberpengaruh terhadap parameter lebar daun dan lingkar batang.Selanjutnya pemupukan berpengaruh nyata terhadap berat rimpang,panjang rimpang, lebar rimpang serta jumlah rimpang induk namuntidak berpengaruh terhadap diameter rimpang. Kandungan kurkuminpaling tinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan tanpa pemupukan.Kata kunci : Temulawak,  Curcuma  xanthorrhiza,  kultur  jaringan,pemupukan, pertumbuhan, produksi, mutu, Jawa BaratABSTRACTResponse of Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.)derived from rhizome in vitro of the second generation tofertilizer aplicationThe experiment was conducted to study the response of temulawakderived from rhizome in vitro of the second generation to fertilizerapplication. It was carried out in a farmer field at Sumur Wangi, Bogorfrom October 2002 to September 2003. Plant materials used were obtainedfrom in vitro rhizome of the second generation. Treatments tested werefive level of manure fertilizer and artificial fertilizer : (1) without fertilizer(control), (2) stable manure 1 kg/plant, (3) stable manure 2 kg/plant, (4)stable manure 1 kg/plant + artificial fertilizer i.e urea 2 g/plant, SP-36 1.8g/plant and KCL 2.7 g/plant and (5) stable manure 2 kg/plant + artificialfertilizer i.e urea 2 g/plant, SP-36 1.8 g/plant and KCL 2.7 g/plant. Theexperiment was designed using a randomized block design with threereplications, ten plants per replication. Plant spacing was 60 cm x 60 cm.The parameters observed were growth percentage, number of tillers, plantheight, number of leaves, length and width of leaves, stem coil at fourmonths of age, rhizome weight, length and width, rhizome diameter andnumber of main rhizomes. In addition, quality analysis was also conductedon water, essential, oil and curcumin content, nine months of age. Resultshowed that fertilizer treatment did not significantly increase the numberof tillers, plant height, leaf number, rhizome length and diameter comparedwith without fertilizer, but it significantly increased the leaf width, stemcoil, rhizome weight, length and width and also the number of mainrhizomes. The highest curcumin content was achieved by those withoutfertilizer treatment.Key words : Temulawak, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, tissue culture, fertilizerapplication, growth, yield, quality, West Jav