Time Out Reduces Hitting Tantrums in Early Childhood: Istirahat Singkat Mengurangi Ledakan Emosi pada Anak Usia Dini

General Background: Temper tantrum is a common emotional outburst in early childhood that may manifest in aggressive behaviors such as hitting and can disrupt social interactions. Specific Background: In some cases, tantrums occur with high frequency and intensity, requiring structured behavioral interventions to prevent maladaptive patterns. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies have widely applied the time out technique in children with developmental disorders, yet limited empirical evidence addresses its application in typically developing children using a Single Subject Research design. Aims: This study aims to examine the role of the time out technique in reducing hitting behavior as a form of temper tantrum in a 3.8-year-old boy. Results: Using a true experimental approach with an A1-B-A2 Single Subject Research design over 22 sessions, findings demonstrate a reduction in hitting frequency from 8–10 times per day during baseline to 4–2 times per day after intervention, with visual analysis and 0% overlap indicating consistent behavioral change. Novelty: The study provides empirical documentation of exclusionary time out applied to a non-clinical child within a structured SSR framework. Implications: These findings suggest that structured time out procedures can serve as an alternative behavioral modification strategy for parents and caregivers managing high-frequency tantrums. Keywords: Temper Tantrum, Time Out, Single Subject Research, Behavior Modification, Early Childhood Key Findings Highlights Hitting episodes declined progressively across baseline, intervention, and follow-up phases. Visual analysis indicated stable downward trends with zero data overlap in the final phase comparison. Consistent exclusionary procedure supported observable behavioral regulation

Psychological Well-Being of Early Adult K-Pop Fans Across Demographic Groups: Gambaran Psychological Well-Being Dewasa Awal Penggemar K-Pop Berdasarkan Demografi

General Background: Psychological well-being reflects the realization of an individual’s psychological potential through self-acceptance, positive relationships, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, and personal growth. Specific Background: K-pop fandom has become increasingly prevalent among Indonesian young adults and may provide both beneficial and maladaptive experiences that are associated with psychological well-being. Knowledge Gap: Although previous studies have examined the relationship between celebrity worship and psychological well-being, empirical descriptive evidence on the psychological well-being profile of early adult K-pop fans across demographic characteristics remains limited. Aims: This study aimed to describe the psychological well-being of early adult K-pop fans and to compare psychological well-being across gender, marital status, and employment status. Results: Using a descriptive quantitative design, data were collected from 230 early adult K-pop fans using a reliable Psychological Well-Being Scale (α = 0.865). Most participants (67%) were in the moderate category, 17% were in the high category, and 16% were in the low category. Positive relations with others and personal growth were prominent in the high category, whereas self-acceptance and autonomy were dominant in the moderate category. ANOVA indicated significant differences based on marital status and employment status, but no significant differences based on gender. Novelty: This study provides a demographic-based profile of psychological well-being among early adult K-pop fans in Indonesia. Implications: The findings support the development of community counseling and mental health interventions tailored to K-pop fandom populations. Highlights: Most early adult K-pop fans demonstrated moderate levels of psychological well-being. Marital status and employment status were associated with significant differences in well-being scores. Positive relations and personal growth characterized participants in the high well-being category. Keywords: Psychological Well-Being, Early Adulthood, K-Pop Fans, Demographic Characteristics, Mental Healt

Self-Activity Among Internal Department Supervisors

The current research aims to identify the level of self-activity and reveal the statistical significance of differences in the level of self-activity according to the two gender variables (male-female) among a sample of male and female supervisors in the Department of Internal Affairs at Wasit University. The research sample consisted of (150) male and female supervisors who were selected using stratified random sampling. To achieve this, the researchers developed a self-activity scale based on the theory of (Roon kurtus, 2012) and consists of (30) items distributed towards three dimensions: (mental activity, emotional activity, physical activity). After that, the research instrument was applied and the psychometric properties of the scale were tested for validity and reliability. Reliability was extracted in two ways: Cronbach's alpha and the test-retest method. The scale's reliability using the test-retest method was (0.86), while the reliability using Cronbach's alpha was (0.83). The research results showed that the supervisors of the internal departments enjoy self-activity and a positive attitude in their job performance, and there are no statistical differences according to gender between males and females. In light of the results shown, the researchers presented a number of recommendations and suggestions. Highlights: Supervisors demonstrated high scores across cognitive, emotional, and physical dimensions. Measurement results exceeded the predefined hypothetical benchmark. Male and female groups showed comparable patterns in assessed attributes. Keywords: Self-Activity, Internal Department Supervisors, University Administration, Gender Difference

Self Concept and Career Planning Among Vocational Students: Konsep Diri dan Perencanaan Karier di Kalangan Siswa Kejuruan

General Background: Career planning represents a crucial developmental task for vocational high school students as they prepare for transition into the workforce. Specific Background: Many vocational students still demonstrate limited readiness in structuring realistic career plans, which may be associated with internal psychological factors such as self concept. Knowledge Gap: Although prior studies have examined self concept and career maturity, limited empirical evidence is available regarding their association within specific vocational school contexts. Aims: This study aims to determine the relationship between self concept and career planning among vocational high school students. Results: The findings indicate a positive and significant correlation between self concept and career planning, showing that students with stronger self perceptions tend to demonstrate more structured and directed career plans. Novelty: The study provides contextual empirical evidence from vocational students, reinforcing the psychological dimension of career planning within secondary education settings. Implications: These results highlight the importance of guidance and counseling programs that foster positive self concept development to support systematic career planning among vocational students. Keywords: Self Concept, Career Planning, Vocational Students, Career Development, Guidance And Counseling Key Findings Highlights Positive association identified between personal self perception and structured occupational preparation Students with stronger internal appraisal demonstrate clearer vocational direction School counseling context supports psychological determinants of future occupational readines

Stay Cool Don’t Be Cruel Psychoeducation Reduces Bullying Among Junior High Students: Psikoedukasi Stay Cool Don’t Be Cruel untuk Menurunkan Bullying pada Siswa SMP

General Background: Bullying remains a persistent problem in junior high schools and threatens students’ psychological well-being and social development. Specific Background: Schools require preventive interventions that address emotional regulation, empathy, and prosocial behavior rather than relying solely on disciplinary approaches. Knowledge Gap: Although psychoeducation has been widely recommended, evidence regarding the structured program “Stay Cool, Don’t Be Cruel: Upgrade Yourself, Not Put Down Your Friends!” in Indonesian junior high school settings remains limited. Aims: This study examined whether the psychoeducational program reduced bullying behavior among students at Muhammadiyah 5 Junior High School, Tulangan. Results: Using a one-group pre-test–post-test design, 30 eighth-grade male students were selected through purposive sampling and assessed using a bullying scale. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test results showed a significant decrease in bullying behavior after the intervention (Z = -4.789, p = 0.000). Novelty: The program integrates interactive lectures, group discussions, educational games, role-play, emotion regulation training, and behavioral commitment within a four-session school-based intervention. Implications: The findings indicate that psychoeducation can serve as a practical preventive strategy for reducing bullying and fostering a safer, more inclusive school environment. Highlights: Significant reductions in bullying scores were observed after four psychoeducation sessions. The intervention combined emotional regulation, empathy building, and prosocial behavior training. School-based psychoeducation offers a practical preventive approach for safer student interactions. Keywords: Psychoeducation, Bullying Behavior, Emotion Regulation, Prosocial Behavior, Junior High School Student

Emotion Regulation and Academic Stress Correlation Among Senior High Students: Korelasi antara Regulasi Emosi dan Stres Akademik di Kalangan Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas

General Background: Academic demands frequently generate psychological pressure among secondary school students, making emotional management an essential personal resource. Specific Background: Numerous educational psychology studies indicate that difficulties in regulating emotions are associated with heightened academic stress symptoms in learning environments. Knowledge Gap: However, empirical evidence focusing on senior high school students within the local school context remains limited and requires systematic quantitative verification. Aims: This study aimed to examine the relationship between emotion regulation and academic stress among students using a correlational design. Results: Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant negative association, indicating that students with better emotional control reported lower stress levels, while weaker regulation corresponded with higher tension and academic burden. Novelty: The study provides context-based data derived directly from high school learners and integrates standardized psychological scales to quantify both constructs simultaneously. Implications: Findings offer practical guidance for counseling services, classroom management, and student support programs to prioritize emotional skills training as a preventive strategy against learning-related stress, contributing to educational psychology literature and school-based mental health initiatives. Keywords: Emotion Regulation, Academic Stress, High School Students, School Counseling, Educational Psychology Key Findings Highlights significant inverse association between emotional control and pressure levels learners with poor coping strategies showed higher tension scores results support counseling interventions in school setting

Parenting Stress Levels Among Working Mothers in ROC Operational Unit: Tingkat Stres Parenting di Kalangan Ibu Bekerja di Unit Operasional ROC

General Background Parenting stress commonly emerges when parents face continuous emotional and caregiving demands. Specific Background Working mothers often experience dual responsibilities between professional duties and childcare, creating additional psychological pressure within organizational settings. Knowledge Gap Empirical descriptions of parenting stress across varied child ages in specific workplace environments remain limited, particularly in operational units with intensive computer-based tasks. Aims This study aims to describe parenting stress levels among working mothers employed at the PT TIF-3 ROC Unit. Results Using a descriptive quantitative design with purposive sampling of 53 mothers and a reliable parenting stress scale, findings show that 81% of participants fall within moderate to high stress categories, with parental distress identified as the dominant aspect compared to difficult child and parent–child dysfunctional interaction dimensions. Novelty The study provides a contextualized profile of parenting stress within a telecommunications operational center, integrating workplace demands with caregiving challenges. Implications The findings highlight the need for family-friendly workplace policies, social support systems, and stress management programs to assist working mothers in balancing professional and parenting roles. Keywords: Parenting Stress, Working Mothers, Dual Roles, Parental Distress, Workplace Psychology Key Findings Highlights Majority of participants reported moderate–high caregiving strain Emotional burden scored highest among measured dimensions Organizational context linked with time pressure and limited suppor

Peran Well-Being dalam Hubungan antara Job Demand-Resources Dengan Kinerja

This study aims to examine the relationship between job demands and job resources with employee well-being and performance. The research was conducted on employees of the Ministry of Finance, with data collected through a survey method using convenience sampling techniques. A total of 3,403 respondents participated in the survey. Based on analysis using Smart PLS, the findings indicate a negative correlation between job demands and well-being, and a positive correlation between job resources and well-being. Additionally, well-being is positively correlated with performance. Thus, well-being serves as a mediating variable in the relationship between job demands and job resources with performance. Highlights• Job demands show an inverse association with psychological condition levels• Job resources demonstrate a direct positive association with psychological condition levels• Psychological condition acts as a mediating mechanism linking work characteristics and performance KeywordsJob Demands; Job Resources; Well Being; Employee Performance; Mediatio

Self Control Correlation With Academic Procrastination Among Vocational Students: Korelasi Pengendalian Diri dengan Penundaan Akademik di Kalangan Siswa Kejuruan

General Background: Academic procrastination is a common behavioral issue that disrupts students’ learning performance and task completion in secondary education. Specific Background: Students in vocational schools frequently face simultaneous academic and practical demands that require strong self-regulation skills. Knowledge Gap: Empirical evidence focusing on the association between self-control and procrastination within vocational high school contexts remains limited. Aims: This study investigates the relationship between self-control and academic procrastination among students of SMK Informatika Sumber Ilmu. Results: Using a quantitative correlational design with 203 participants selected through proportionate stratified random sampling, data collected via validated Likert scales revealed a significant negative correlation (r = −0.623, p < 0.05), with self-control contributing 46.4% of variance in procrastination levels. Most students demonstrated moderate levels on both variables. Novelty: The study provides context-specific evidence from vocational education, highlighting behavioral regulation patterns in students preparing for both academic and workplace demands. Implications: Strengthening self-regulatory skills may reduce delaying behaviors and support more disciplined academic performance, offering practical direction for school-based interventions and counseling programs. Keywords: Academic Procrastination, Self Control, Vocational Students, Correlational Study, Student Behavior Key Findings Highlights Strong inverse association between regulation capacity and delay tendencies Nearly half of behavioral variance explained by internal regulation factor Majority of participants categorized within moderate behavioral level

Parenting Styles and People Pleasing Tendencies Among Adolescents in Sidoarjo: Pola Asuh Orang Tua dan Kecenderungan People Pleaser pada Remaja di Sidoarjo

General Background: Adolescence is a critical developmental stage in which family experiences shape self-concept and interpersonal behavior. Specific Background: Parenting styles are considered an important factor in the emergence of people pleasing tendencies, characterized by excessive efforts to gain social acceptance while neglecting personal needs. Knowledge Gap: Although people pleasing behavior has received increasing attention, empirical studies examining its relationship with parenting styles among adolescents remain limited, particularly in the context of Sidoarjo. Aims: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between parenting styles and people pleasing tendencies among adolescents in Sidoarjo. Results: This quantitative correlational study involved 339 adolescents aged 13–24 years who lived with their parents. Data were collected using parenting style and people pleaser questionnaires and analyzed using Spearman’s correlation. Most respondents were in the moderate category of people pleasing tendencies (85.87%). A significant positive relationship was found between parenting styles and people pleasing tendencies (r = 0.548, p = 0.000), indicating that higher parenting scores were associated with higher people pleasing tendencies. Novelty: This study extends prior research by examining adolescents across the Sidoarjo region rather than focusing on a single school setting. Implications: The findings underscore the importance of balanced parenting practices to help adolescents develop self-respect, healthy interpersonal boundaries, and adaptive social functioning. Highlights: A majority of adolescents were classified in the moderate category of people pleasing tendencies. Parenting styles showed a significant positive correlation with people pleasing behavior (r = 0.548, p < 0.05). Balanced parental practices are essential for fostering self-respect and healthy social boundaries. Keywords: Parenting Styles, People Pleasing Tendencies, Adolescents, Family Environment, Sidoarj