Assessing The Potential for Transportation Mode Switching in Mid-Sized Urban Areas using Binary Logistic Regression

Cities without public transport will suffer several issues, such as congestion, limited productive time, and a lower quality of life. The present study investigates various factors influencing public transportation choices in mid-sized urban, including gender, age, the nature of work, ownership of transportation, destination of travel, vehicles used, and vehicle preferences among respondents. The primary data in this study was gathered through household interviews conducted in 6 sub-districts of Pontianak City, West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. After various initial data screening, 654 respondents' responses were available for further investigation. This study employs the binary logistic regression method to establish the connection between independent variables and binary responses, utilizing the JASP software. Comparative analysis is commonly employed in the early stages of data examination to assess the relationship between a variable and vehicle preference. The crosstab analysis reveals a noteworthy correlation between transportation preferences and factors such as gender and age. After conducting an analysis using the binary logistic regression model method, it was found that household size, transport ownership, age, and personal status had a significant impact (p0.05). The highest odds ratio value (1.538) is associated with household size, indicating that an increase of 1 unit in household size will positively influence the likelihood of selecting a public transport mode by 1.538 times. The implications of this study for the city's public transport service program are the importance of the socialization agenda about the benefits of using public transport and the weaknesses of using private vehicles, whether tangible or intangible

Estimation of Geothermal Potential Area in Kabawetan Sub-District, Using 2D Magnetotelluric Inversion Method

oai:jurnal.usk.ac.id:article/44628Kabawetan is located in the subduction zone of the magmatic arc in the Indonesian tectonic system. The geothermal energy potential in this region is closely related to volcanic activity, which develops along the Ring of Fire on the island of Sumatra. This study aims to identify the distribution of subsurface resistivity values related to geothermal potential in the Kabawetan Region. To achieve this, the magnetotelluric (MT) method is used, utilizing electrical and magnetic sensors. Data were collected using two horizontal electrical sensors (Ex, Ey) and three magnetic sensors, including two horizontal sensors (Hx, Hy) and one vertical sensor (Hz). Measurements using the magnetotelluric method can be used to determine the subsurface rock layers based on resistivity values. The results of data processing produce a 2D cross-section of the resistivity value to characterize the potential for geothermal energy. This study used four measurement points to analyze resistivity variations and determine geothermal potential. Field measurement data were processed using MAPROS software, and a 2D cross-section model was created using ZONDMT2D. The results showed that resistivity values of 20-60 m, thought to be impermeable overburden, were at depths of 0-1.5 km and 2.5-4 km, resistivity values of 0.54-1 m indicated permeable reservoirs at depths of 1.5-2.5 km, and resistivity values of 290-550 m indicated geothermal rocks at depths of 4-10 km. The findings of this research are expected to increase the understanding of geothermal energy as a renewable resource, which supports the Sustainable Development program

Phosphate Removal from Aqueous Solutions using Activated Carbon Derived from Nypa fruticans

Nypa fruticans (NF) waste which includes the empty fruit bunches and shells (NFW), frond (NFF) and leaflets (NFL) composes primarily of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, shows great potential as a raw material for activated carbon (AC). This study investigated the removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions using activated carbon derived from Nypa fruticans. The NFW, NFF and NFL was pyrolyzed and physically activated in a tube furnace. FTIR analysis revealed that the NFW-AC, NFF-AC and NFL-AC exhibited functional groups such as chemical functional group O-H, C-O-C, C-O, C=O, C-O and C-H stretching in hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, which were associated with phosphate (PO4) adsorption. Among these, the NFW-AC showed the lowest transmittance and higher pore density. Adsorption experiments indicated a rapid initial adsorption within the first 5 min, followed by minimal changes until equilibrium was reached at 30 min. The NFW-AC showed the best performance with the highest efficiency (40.05%) and capacity (85.85 mg/g). Adsorption kinetics for all activated carbon were better described by the pseudo-second-order model, with highest capacities of 60.606 mg/g and adsorption rates of 0.0235 g/mgmin attributed to NFW-AC. The adsorption isotherms followed the Langmuir mode, yielding capacities of 60.606 mg/g, 31.546 mg/g and 8.1967 mg/g for the NFW-AC, NFF-AC, and NFL-AC, respectively. These findings demonstrated the potential of Nypa fruticans-based activated carbon for phosphate adsorptio

Improved Performance on Inverted V Eccentrically Braced Frames (EBF) by Implementing Shear Link and Installing Web Stiffener in Link

Eccentrically Braced Frame (EBF) is a structural system that is advised to be built in seismically active areas since they are characterized by good stiffness and ductility. A large and stable hysteretic curve, which corresponds to good seismic performance, is produced by the combination of improved stiffness and ductility in EBF. The diagonal component of EBF, known as a brace, contributes to its stiffness. Meanwhile, the short beam, also known as the link element, provides ductility in EBF. One element that is essential as an energy dissipator in EBF is a link element. By displaying a sizable and steady hysteretic curve, a prior study found that EBF with a flexural link could effectively dissipate the seismic energy. But to achieve a higher EBF, the seismic performance still needs to be enhanced. An analysis of various EBF models in Inverted V configurations was conducted in this paper. Each model was prepared with different shear link characteristics. Installing web stiffeners in the link to improve its seismic performance was also taken into consideration in this study. To obtain seismic performance, the cyclic loads were employed to each model under conditions of yield displacement control. Analysis of the data resulted in the load-displacement hysteretic curve. Next, using the hysteretic curve, the three seismic performance parameters, i.e., strength, stiffness, and dissipation energy were further developed. The investigation showed that compared to earlier studies, the EBF with shear links showed a bigger and more stable hysteretic curve which means better dissipated energy. Additionally, adding web stiffeners significantly increases the EBF's seismic capability. Therefore, because of the improved seismic characteristics, it is advised to establish the EBF using a shear link reinforced by web stiffeners in an earthquake-hazard area

Modeling and Analysis of Column Formwork Construction Components Using Dynamo Revit (Study Case : Project Construction of Building 2 Hermina Hospital Pandanaran)

The construction industry in Indonesia continues to experience rapid growth. However, there are still challenges in implementing Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology, particularly in the volume calculation of formwork activity. BIM for formwork activity is generally utilized to calculate the surface area of formwork. Moreover, cast-in-place concrete formwork has many components with different utilities; thus, it is difficult to manage. Therefore, this study endeavors to expand BIM by employing BIM to automate the calculation of the formwork components. This research aims to utilize Autodesk Revit and Dynamo software to accelerate calculation time and enhance the accuracy of calculating the components of column formwork. The developed model is applied in the Hermina Pandanaran Hospital Building 2 Project as reliability validation of the model. The column formwork construction is modeled using Revit in 3D format, which is subsequently analyzed using the Dynamo script to automatically obtain the complete components of the column formwork activity, including the amount of each component. A comparison of manual calculations between those performed using Dynamo shows a 0% difference percentage, demonstrating the accuracy of Dynamo calculation. Based on the result, the utilization of Revit and Dynamo has proven to increase efficiency in formwork management. The findings of this research can provide insights into construction practitioners to leverage BIM technology in enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of column formwork components' volume calculations

Petrology and Geochemistry of Igneous Rocks in Gunung Badak Complex, Ciletuh Palabuhanratu Geopark, Sukabumi, West Java

Gunung Badak Complex is located in Ciletuh Palabuhanratu UNESCO Global Geopark, which preserves significant records of tectonic evolution in Southern West Java. This research aims to characterize igneous rocks and interpret tectonic implications. The methodology includes petrographic analysis, major element geochemical characterization using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), and trace elements and Rare Earth Element (REE) analysis using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) from 8 selected samples. The results identify three distinct rock groups consisting of diorite (SiO 51.5-52.48%), basalt (SiO 50.69-52.52%), and serpentinized peridotite (SiO 40.59%, MgO 34.63%). Diorite and basalt exhibit tholeiitic affinity with low KO (0.25-0.69%), Mg# 49.67-58.13, indicating early-stage island arc magmatism. Serpentinized peridotite exhibits residual harzburgite characteristics with Mg# 89.29. Trace element geochemistry shows enrichment of LILE (Cs, Ba, Pb, Sr) relative to HFSE (Nb, Zr), with negative Nb-Ta anomalies and La/Nb ratios of 2.21-3.75 typical of subduction environments. Diorite-basalt displays moderate LREE enrichment ((La/Yb)N 1.40-2.63), while serpentinized peridotite shows LREE depletion ((La/Yb)N 0.54). Dy/Yb ratios (1.20-1.91) indicate magma sources from partial melting of spinel peridotite at depths 50 km. The geodynamic model indicates that serpentinized peridotite originated from lithospheric mantle in a supra-subduction zone (SSZ) environment during Eocene subduction initiation, while diorite and basalt formed during early Miocene island arc magmatism (~22 Ma)

Characterization of Natural Fiber Reinforced Resin Composites and Glass Waste Powder for Brake Linings

Currently, there are two types of brake linings in the market: asbestos brake lining and asbestos-free brake linings. The asbestos Brake lining was widely used due to durability, heat resistance and friction properties. In terms of price, asbestos brake linings are indeed cheaper than asbestos-free brake linings, However, they have negative impact on the environment and human health. In high enough concentrations, asbestos dust can cause Mesothelioma, a malignant tumor in the lining of the lungs). Therefore, it is necessary to find a substitute material for asbestos that is affordable but possesses similar characteristics to asbestos brake linings. While, the high production of salak in Indonesia has a side effect, i.e.: the large volume of waste in the form of peel and seeds of salak. If not utilized, of course this will become waste. Meanwhile, glass waste is an inorganic waste material that is very difficult to decompose and pollutes the environment. Meanwhile, glass waste is one of the inorganic waste materials that is very difficult to decompose and pollutes the environment. The aim of this study was to characterize composite resin materials reinforced with glass waste powder, Snake Fruit Peel Powder and teak wood sawdust as alternative brake lining materialsThe research was conducted through laboratory experiments, beginning with the manufacture of sample specimens, followed by measuring their density, hardness, and friction coefficient testing then compared to brake lining on the market and also based on the SNI 09-0143-1987 standard. The result showed, some of the investigated samples in this study meet the reqirement of SNI 09-143-1987, where the lowest Brinell Hardness number of the sample 120.33. There are 5 specimens of friction coefficient of the specimens are also fullfill the requirement

Marine Debris of Northern Aceh Waters During First Monsoon Transition Period

Pollution in the ocean caused by anthropogenic activities has been a global issue. However, data on marine debris in Aceh Waters is limited. This study was conducted to identify the category, density, and source of marine debris on the Weh Island and Aceh Island beaches during the first monsoon transition period. Samples were collected in April 2022 at four stations, namely Laweung Beach in Sumatra Island (station 1), Aron Beach in Weh Island (Station 2), Nipah Beach and Alue Riyeung Beach in Aceh Island (Station 3 and Station 4, respectively). Samples collected in a 100 m-length transect were classified into nine categories: plastic, foamed plastic, cloth, glass and ceramic, metal, paper and cupboard, rubber, wood, and others. The result depicted that the highest density was plastic (0.602-1.022 items/m2), followed by foamed plastic (0.038 to 0.654 items/m2) and rubber (0.020 to 0.089 items/m2). Turning to its appliances, plastic was mostly used as packaging, such as bottles and cups for drinking water, while foamed plastic and rubber were used for cooling boxes and footwear. As the sea current shifted during the monsoon transition period, trash from ships passing the marine routes around the Aceh Waters is assumed to be transporting debris from various countries, such as Malaysia, Thailand, and China

The Influence of Cooling Techniques on The Performance of Pack Carburized Low Carbon Steel Using Cypress Charcoal

This study investigated the impact of different cooling media on low-carbon steel's hardness and wear characteristics after pack carburizing using cypress charcoal. This research method involves conducting an experimental process known as pack carburizing. It utilizes cypress charcoal as an energizer and sodium carbonate as a catalyst for heat treatment. The cypress charcoal and sodium carbonate volume comprise 90% ACR and 10% NaCO3. The mixture is heated in a furnace at a temperature of 925 C for 3 hours and then cooled using different media, including air, SAE 20 oil, salt water, and water. Material testing uses mechanical tests, specifically hardness and wear tests. According to the study findings, the hardness value exhibited a noticeable rise, reaching a peak of 277.694 HV in the air-cooling medium. In contrast, the lowest value of 198.417 HV was observed in the same medium. In addition, the wear rate is affected by the cooling medium. The wear rate is highest at 0.0657 grams/sec in air cooling media, while it is lowest at 0.0347 grams/sec in air cooling media. This indicates that the hardness value and wear rate value are inversely related. In other words, materials with higher hardness have smaller wear rates, and vice versa. The variation in cooling rates is primarily due to the differences in viscosity among the cooling mediums

Electric Car Battery Waste in Indonesia: Projections and Management Policies

Global trends in electric vehicle adoption have been increasing significantly in recent years. In Indonesia, the government has issued various policies to encourage the use of electric cars. However, anticipation of the environmental impact of this program has not yet received serious attention. Current regulations regarding battery waste management still refer to existing regulations governing hazardous and toxic waste. This study aims to forecast the potential of battery waste from electric cars in the future and provide policy recommendations to establish a sustainable electric car program. The methods of analysis employed include material flow analysis and policy content analysis. Based on three scenarios (low, medium, and high adoption scenarios), the analysis results show a significant increase in battery waste in all scenarios from 2025 to 2040. The increase in active materials, aluminum, and copper waste could exceed 50 times during this period. Electrolyte, plastic, and steel waste also increase substantially, with growth reaching 3050 times. Although relatively small in volume, rare earth metals are projected to rise 19 times. By 2040, the potential of battery waste is estimated to reach 1,998,911 tons in a low adoption scenario, 2,600,540 tons in a medium adoption scenario, and 3,170,517 tons in a high adoption scenario. The result of policy content analysis of the electric vehicle regulations issued by the Indonesian government since 2019 demonstrates that efforts to enhance electric vehicle adoption will become the main focus for the government in the coming years. A thematic mapping of policies related to 20 electric vehicle regulations published during this period reveals that only three regulations address environmental issues. This study indicates the need for policy improvements by formulating specific derivative regulations that govern electric car battery waste management