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Public-private partnership models for improving electricity generation in Tanzania: The case of independent power producers and Tanzania electric supply company

Abstract. Public – Private Partnerships (PPPs) have become a popular global strategy for addressing energy infrastructure challenges. However, the question on which PPPs model works best for a particular project in the range of more than a dozen different models, remains unsettled by different governments of the world. This study examined the necessary conditions for enhancing Public- Private Partnership (PPPs) models for improving electricity generation in Tanzania.  Overall, the study findings revealed that, performance of PPPs in electricity generation projects was being hindered by elements such as unpredictable payments guarantee, skewed contracts for PPAs, lack of transparency and fair competition and high costs of electricity. Findings suggests that, the quality of political, economic and social institutions, both formal and informal are important for influencing the functioning of PPPs projects and its economic outcomes. Also, robust and inclusive institutions, the quality of governance structures, laws, rules, regulations, and policies as well as the accepted norms and customs, predict the best outcomes. The reverse is equally true. In addition, rent seeking activities decrease appreciably as institutional competence improves accordingly as well as the capacity of the state to regulate activities of private investors.Keywords. Public – Private –Partnerships, Independent Power Producers, electricity generation projects, Tanzania.JEL. ???????????????

Level of agrarian Governance sustainability in Bulgaria

Abstract. In Bulgaria, like in many other countries, practically there are no comprehensive assessments of the governance sustainability of agriculture and its importance for the overall agrarian development. This study tries to fill the gap and suggests a holistic framework for understanding and assessing the governance sustainability of Bulgarian agriculture. The newly elaborated approach is “tested” in a large-scale study for assessing the governance sustainability of country’s agriculture at national, sectoral, regional, eco-system and farm levels. The study has proved that it is important to include the “missing” Governance Pillar in the assessment of the Integral sustainability of agriculture and sustainability of agro-systems of various type. Multiple Principles, Criteria and Indicators assessment of the Governance sustainability of Bulgarian agriculture indicates that the Overall Governance Sustainability is at a “Good” but very close to the “Satisfactory” level. Besides, there is a considerable differentiation in the level of Integral Governance sustainability of different agro-systems in the country. What is more, the individual indicators with the highest and lowest sustainability values determine the “critical” factors enhancing and deterring the particular and integral Governance sustainability of evaluated agro-system.  Last but not least important, results on the integral agrarian sustainability assessment based on micro (farm) and macro (statistical, etc.) data show some discrepancies which have to be taken into consideration in the analysis and interpretation, while assessment indicators, methods and data sources further improved.Keywords. Governance sustainability, Assessment, Agriculture, Subsectors, Agro-regions, Agro-ecosystems, Farming organizations, Bulgaria.JEL. Q10, O31, O33, Q01, Q16, Q18

Operating practice of commercial motorcycle taxis in Dar Es Salaam City: Challenges and opportunities

Abstract. This paper is a result of the findings into the study on the operations of commercial motorcycle taxis in Dar es Salaam City (Tanzania). The paper among other key issues examines the daily operations of commercial motorcycle taxis to determine its challenges and sustainability thus providing ways of improving the sector. It also examined challenges and opportunities involved in the sector. The study involved 370 respondents which are operators and commuters. The study found out that there are a number of challenges associated with the daily operations of commercial motorcycle taxis in the city, like long working hours among operators thus affecting safety of the services offered; poor relations among operators and law enforcement officers which in turn has contributed significantly to low level of adherence to the set rules and regulations. The study further revealed that there are no contracts between operators and owners thus denying some basic legal rights of the operators and commuters. Furthermore the study found out that there are no basic facilities in the parking areas for the motor cycle taxi operations. The paper concludes that in spite of the existing challenges and problems in the operations of the commercial motorcycle taxis in the city yet, a good number of commuters depend on it as the mode of transport for different reasons. Thus it is important to address the aforementioned challenges so as to improve the general services offered by this mode of travel.Keywords. Commercial motorcycle taxis, Challenges and opportunities, Sustainability.JEL. L60, L62, L69

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Attitudes towards privacy by design in e-government: Views from the trenches

Abstract. In light of increasing public pressure and strict regulation, issues of information security and privacy gain prominence in the e-government domain. A promising approach to ensure data protection is to embrace the Privacy by Design principles and practices in the public sector but this remains a major challenge for practitioners. This article leverages in-depth interviews with e-government stakeholders in Bulgaria to explore their opinions and preferences on data protection issues, thus outlining the main drivers and barriers for Privacy by Design implementations. The key insight is that increasing citizen demands and regulatory oversight engender a change in privacy thinking that defies the current status quo. Limited understanding, scarcity of best practices, legacy systems and insufficient financial and administrative capacity seem to be the main implementation obstacles.Keywords. Privacy by Design, e-government, data protection, personal data.JEL. C80, H10, H11

A CO2 temperature equation

Abstract. Modelling climate change at its core equation - temperature against CO2 concentration may allow a projection of the future path of global warming. The conclusion is certain: considerably hotter.Keywords. Average global temperature, CO2 concentration, Hawking irreversibility.JEL. B14, B24, B51

Front Matter

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Linking person job fit to employee job performance amid employees of services sector: The role of burnout as mediator

Abstract. Person Job Fit (PJF) and Employee Job Performance (EJP) are general issues in now a days in business world. Most of the individuals alter their job due to misfit with their occupation which disturbs their job performance. Misfit can be a reasonable predictor of incompatibility between PJF and EJP. It can aggravate feeling on job and personal well-being of employees. Usually the employees who are better fit with their jobs are more satisfied, they can increase their job performance and produce good results. To contest with this we presume through watchful consideration to PJF through assessment phase or consultation, the organizations may hire those employees who are able to bring change and easily adjust in the environment and can avoid the adverse effects of burnout which is caused by incompatibility of individual’s job. The aim of present research work is to observe the detailed effects of EJP and significance of PJF in order to enable organization to avoid from unusual cost of personnel who are incompatible to their jobs. The studies designate that the employees who are compatible with their jobs may have a greater efficiency and are able to make changes smoothly in organization than those employees who are misfit with their jobs. This study also aim to examine if Burnout (BO) mediate relationships between PJF and EJP. Current study’s findings demonstrates that by giving proper attention to PJF in organization are indispensable facets for declining burnout.Keywords. Person job fit, Employee job performance and Burnout.JEL. D91, J24, J28, O14, Z22

Evaluation of Papua provincial assets: Case study on non utilized and non optimized assets of integrated economic development zone (KAPET) of biak

Abstract. This paper evaluates Papua provincial assets which are not utilized or not optimally utilized in Integrated Economic Development Zone (KAPET) of Biak.   Through a case study analysis, direct observation, direct interview and literature studies conducted in this research, we found that the KAPET of Biak assets which also are the Papua provincial government’s assets have not been consistently well maintained and protected. Several assets were unutilized and were abandoned.  Considering the great potentials of KAPET-Biak area which has cultural richness, rich resources area, strategic position in the middle of world economic growth triangle and on the hub of the global route for trading in pacific region.  It would be better to develop the KAPET-Biak and its assets for further zonal developmental concept in this more global world.  The provincial government and all stake holders can also develop and utilize several assets to be the part of research and educational center (LIPTEK Lab and office).Keywords. Provincial assets, KAPET of Biak, direct observation, zonal developmental concept, research and educational center.JEL. D91, J24, J28, O14, Z22