Drug Review Sentiment Analysis: Applying Transformer-Based Models for Enhanced Healthcare

Analyzing patient feedback on drug reviews is crucial in the healthcare sector as it determines the efficacy of treatment and patient experiences. Amidst the exponential growth in patient-generated data, the method of sentiment analysis has emerged as a key means of interpreting text-based reviews. In this research, the use of various machine learning and transformer-based approaches to analyze sentiments in drug reviews and gain meaningful insights from patient reviews or opinions is outlined. It juxtaposes traditional machine learning models such as Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machines with deep neural networks such as Long Short-Term Memory and transformer-based models such as Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT). Various models' performance is tested using the UC Irvine drug review dataset, and data preprocessing, feature extraction, and cross-validation are used in the study. Transformers, more precisely BERT, perform better than conventional approaches at 0.96 accuracy based on findings, as they can read into intricate patterns of language and contextual hints undetectable by basic models. The research reveals how transformer-based sentiment analysis can enhance healthcare decision-making through better and context-based information

The influence of athletic profile on acute neuromuscular response to a repeated sprint protocol in youth females: a pilot study

Athletic profiles influence how athletes tolerate exposure to high-intensity activities and training-induced fatigue. Current understanding of athletic profiles has been derived primarily from adult male populations which limits the application of this potentially important training knowledge to females, and in particular youth females. Therefore, this study aimed to address this bias and examine the influence of athletic profiles on acute neuromuscular response in 118 female multisport athletes aged between 8 and 22 (age: 13.6 ± 2.9; stature: 155.9 ± 13.9; body mass: 50.2 ± 16.1). All participants completed sprint speed (5, 40 m, and maximal sprint speed [MSS]) and strength characteristics (Isometric mid-thigh pull) immediately pre- and post-a repeated sprint protocol. Anaerobic Speed Reserve was calculated from performance tests (MSS and maximal aerobic speed) with participants subsequently categorized (slow, hybrid or fast). Excluding relative peak force, there were significant differences in all sprint speed and strength characteristics between slow and hybrid and significant differences between slow and fast profile athletes before repeated sprinting. Dependent t-tests revealed significant (p = 0.001, d = 0.58) reductions in 40 m performance for fast athletes and a significant decrease in MSS for both hybrid (p = 0.003, d = 0.47) and fast athletes (p = 0.002, d = 0.58). This suggests that female athletes with hybrid, and fast athletic profiles may experience greater negative neuromuscular response following repeated sprints. Practitioners should therefore consider individualizing training and monitoring neuromuscular response to training to prevent athletic profile-related performance reductions, overreaching or injury accumulating over time

Exploring How Soccer Players With Perfectionism Navigate Challenges in Talent Pathways

The study provides a qualitative exploration of how soccer players reporting perfectionism navigate challenges in talent pathways. Eighteen players (10 females, eight males, M age = 16.17 years, SD = 3.47) from talent pathways with higher levels of perfectionism and perfectionistic cognitions (1 SD above the mean of samples from previous studies) participated in semistructured one-to-one interviews. Using semantic thematic analysis, seven themes were identified: cycles of anxiety, sadness at being a substitute, self-criticism and hopelessness during slumps, ruminating on mistakes, worthless when injured, shame in success and intolerance of defeat, and psychological distress. Participants experienced heightened anxiety, especially when substituted, and responded to poor performance, mistakes, and injuries with self-criticism and unhelpful emotions. Postmatch, they ruminated over both success and defeat, with some reporting extreme psychological difficulties. The findings highlight how aspiring soccer players perceived perfectionism as a barrier to overcoming challenges, hindering both their performance and well-being

A figurational analysis of secondary Physical Education gendered changing room procedures and practices in England

This article provides ethnographic insights from one state-funded secondary school in the north of England detailing gendered differences within changing room procedures and practices when changing attire for Physical Education (PE). Attained through participant observations, focus groups with pupils, and individual interviews with PE teachers, the school’s changing rooms were found to encompass multiple spaces, which served dual intended and unintended functions and social consequences. Applying concepts of figuration (Elias, 1978), [gendered] civilised bodies (Elias, 2012), habitus (Elias, 1978), and emotions (Elias, 2001) as theoretical prisms revealed how PE teacher-informed procedures and expectations were gendered. Furthermore, with age, boys’ and girls’ diverging changing room behaviours and emotional navigations became increasingly gendered. This article demonstrates how changing rooms not only serve practical functions, but also evoke social and emotional processes which impacts peer-group dynamics and pupils’ experiences of PE. Given this, participatory action research could be undertaken aimed at creating more equitable, inclusive, and effective localised changing room policies, procedures and practices. This study could also be expanded into investigating policies, practices and experiences of other similar spaces, such as toilets and swimming pools

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Organ Retrieval and Transplantation: A Comprehensive Review

This narrative review examines the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in organ retrieval and transplantation. AI and ML technologies enhance donor-recipient matching by integrating and analyzing complex datasets encompassing clinical, genetic, and demographic information, leading to more precise organ allocation and improved transplant success rates. In surgical planning, AI-driven image analysis automates organ segmentation, identifies critical anatomical features, and predicts surgical outcomes, aiding pre-operative planning and reducing intraoperative risks. Predictive analytics further enable personalized treatment plans by forecasting organ rejection, infection risks, and patient recovery trajectories, thereby supporting early intervention strategies and long-term patient management. AI also optimizes operational efficiency within transplant centers by predicting organ demand, scheduling surgeries efficiently, and managing inventory to minimize wastage, thus streamlining workflows and enhancing resource allocation. Despite these advancements, several challenges hinder the widespread adoption of AI and ML in organ transplantation. These include data privacy concerns, regulatory compliance issues, interoperability across healthcare systems, and the need for rigorous clinical validation of AI models. Addressing these challenges is essential to ensuring the reliable, safe, and ethical use of AI in clinical settings. Future directions for AI and ML in transplantation medicine include integrating genomic data for precision immunosuppression, advancing robotic surgery for minimally invasive procedures, and developing AI-driven remote monitoring systems for continuous post-transplantation care. Collaborative efforts among clinicians, researchers, and policymakers are crucial to harnessing the full potential of AI and ML, ultimately transforming transplantation medicine and improving patient outcomes while enhancing healthcare delivery efficiency

‘It is a grey area in sport, not just in school’: A figurational analysis of banter in secondary Physical Education in England

This article provides a figurational sociological analysis of how secondary school pupils and teachers perceived, manifested and determined (in)appropriate banter in Physical Education (PE). Generated through lesson observations, pupil focus groups and teacher interviews, ethnographic data is thematically analysed and interpreted through Elias’s (1978, 2012) concepts of figuration and individual civilising process. Banter was increasingly normalised and legitimised amongst most older pupils, who often enjoyed banter’s motivating and competitive functions. Such productive functions were deemed appropriate, whilst judgements on inappropriate banter were fluid, relationally dependent and emotion laden. Within a PE figuration centred on sociality, competitiveness and performance-related commentary, to successfully understand, engage in and navigate (in)appropriate banter, older pupils embodied cognitive foresight, social awareness and emotional intelligence. Given these qualities, social constructions of appropriateness, and policy-based concerns regarding inappropriateness, we recommend educators/pupils and coaches/players develop a localised shared understanding of appropriate banter and agreed mechanism to report inappropriate banter

A survey of provinces in the Anglican Communion that have allowed same-sex blessings or same-sex marriages

In October 2022, the Church of England commissioned a study of the likely impacts allowing the blessing or marriage of same-sex couples in church. This paper reports on a survey of key informers (bishops or chief executives officers) in dioceses in the seven provinces of the Anglican Communion that had at that time allowed either same-sex blessings (SSB) or same-sex marriages (SSM). Of 183 provinces or dioceses contacted, 62 (31%) replied to an online survey of which 74% had decided to allow SSB and 55% to allow SSM. While all provinces reported some losses of clergy or congregations, these were not as great as some had expected. Smaller provinces that had spaces and time for those of differing opinions to meet together tended to report more positive outcomes than those where processes were dominated by synodical debates. Quantitative analysis using two scales of internal (church-facing) and external (society-facing) impact showed that dioceses that allowed SSM rather than just SSB reported more positive external impact. Those that had allowed SSM reported better internal and external impact compared with those who allowed only SSB or neither. Open answers offered critical reflections highlighting important lessons learnt in the process of making decisions

Assessing post-operative dietary intake in older adult hip fracture patients: An observational study protocol

Background: Fragility fractures of the hip are a common injury in England. Meeting post-operative resting energy expenditure (REE) needs are fundamental to recovery from trauma that with greater nutritional intake, post-operative complications and length of stay can be reduced. However, dietary intake can be overlooked when the goal is prompt surgery to reduce pain and lower the risks of mortality at 30 days and 1 year. Aims: The primary aim of this study is to observe if post-operative dietary energy intake (kJ/kcal) of older adult hip fracture patients meets their post-operative REE needs to mobilise post-surgery. Secondly, we aim to explore if there is a relationship between length of stay, comorbidity and post-operative complications in relation to dietary intake. Methods and analysis: Using a weighed food method, all food and fluid intake from the day of surgery until post-operative day three inclusive will be recorded for a cohort of 30 older adult hip fracture patients. Dietary intake per day will be compared against REE and macronutrient requirements. Baseline sociodemographic and medical history data will be obtained, along with admission data such as malnutrition screening and type of fracture. Regression analysis will be used to explore associations between dietary intake, post-operative complications and length of stay where indicated and to identify if there are areas for further dietary development in this specific patient group. Ethics and dissemination: The Health Research Authority approved this study (REC 24/NE/0034). Findings will be published in peer-reviewed, scientific journals and presented at academic conferences

Teachers’, parents’ and pupils’ perceptions and described experiences of toilet provisions and practices within English schools

This article explores teachers’, parents’ and pupils’ perceptions and described experiences of school toilet policies, provisions and practices within state-funded primary (5-11 years) and secondary (11-16 years) schools in England. In doing so, this research critically examines how school-specific policies and toilet provisions influence children’s and young people’s use of toilets at school and identifies issues which pupils must navigate within this heavily tabooed space. Seeking to portray a range of perspectives, we present data generated through three mixed-method surveys completed by 96 schoolteachers, 158 parents, and 198 secondary school pupils. Adopting an overarching wide-angled lens, we combine descriptive statistics with thematic analysis to detail similarities and nuances of parents’, teachers’ pupils’ perceptions around (a) accessibility to school toilets, (b) problematic pupil behaviour, (c) provision quality. The different perspectives offered provide a wide-angled lens which allows for a wider dialogue between pupils, parents and teachers. Our key findings underscore the need for standardised, equity-focused guidelines that address both infrastructural inadequacies and behavioural dynamics