Storage of wind power energy: main facts and feasibility − hydrogen as an option

The befalling of natural disasters has been experienced at an alarming level in the last decade due to discharging excessive amounts of CO2into the atmosphere. The world needs to decarbonise itself sooner than later. To combat environmental impact and the climate change, several key initiatives were taken by countries like the UK, Japan, Europe, and Canada. That includes decarbonising the power sector entirely by bringing in renewable energy in place of fossil fuel on an agreed timeline. Many countries have committed to zero emission by 2050. However, it will not be easy to depend on 100% of renewable energy grid without renewable energy storage capability to assure grid stability. Therefore, this publication's key fundamental objective is to discuss the most suitable energy storage for energy generated by wind. A review of the available storage methods for renewable energy and specifically for possible storage for wind energy is accomplished. Factors that are needed to be considered for storage selection and the requirements are discussed. Wind farm capacity is one of the essential parameters that could affect selection procedures. It is recommended that detailed calculations be made of available energy and the excess power amount to be stored. However, the article discusses the most viable storage options such as liquid metal batteries grid embedded storage for frequency and voltage stability and produces green Hydrogen from surplus wind energy, especially in Sri Lanka

Skill mix: Using the assistant practitioner to drive efficiency

This article outlines the development of the assistant practitioner role within a primary care setting and the experiences of 5 trainee assistant practitioners undertaking a foundation degree in health and social care delivered by the University of Bolton. The article will examine the changes in staff skill mix within general practice, and how the assistant practitioner role aims to contribute to the efficacy of services, improve patient access, and continuity of care. Furthermore, it will explore how it is offering career progression for healthcare assistants, in line with the Skills for Health (2015) skills escalator. A focus group methodology was used to gather the views of the trainee assistant practitioners at the end of their university programme and about to enter their new role. They were asked to reflect on the benefits of their learning and competency development, considering how their role has changed and will change in the future

Advanced dynamic control strategies for electrical distribution networks with active stability participation

In the last two decades, there has been a global trend away from conventional energy supplybased on fossil fuels and nuclear energy, towards a more sustainable energy supply based onrenewable energies (RE). The governments of an increasing number of countries worldwideare switching to RE and are in various stages of transition. This has meant that the technicaland economic principles relating to the current power supply process structure need to bereconsidered. On the technical side, the supply with volatile RE, e.g. wind and solar power,which is predominantly supplied from decentralised energy sources, can have a significantinfluence on grid stability. On the economic side, the role of a considerable number of gridusers is changing from passive consumers to producers, also known as ‘prosumers’.Conventional power supply principles, which consider mainly classical power suppliers, canlead to a gap in the implementation of non-discriminatory market conditions for all grid users.As a novel concept for future-oriented power supply systems, the Clustering Power SystemApproach (CPSA) has been developed at the Laboratory of Electrical Energy Supply at theSouth Westphalia University of Applied Sciences, Branch Soest under the leadership of Prof.Dr.-Ing. Egon Ortjohann. The CPSA enables the technical control of power systems and takesinto account the economic processes. With the CPSA, the power system is divided into clusterareas, which transfers the interconnected grid structure of the transmission system operator(TSO) level to the distribution system operator (DSO) level, in order to enable an equitablepower supply process in each grid or voltage level. This dissertation therefore makes a specificcontribution to knowledge and is essentially divided into three main parts.The first part of the dissertation contains a state-of-the art analysis of different smart gridconcept and compares these concepts with the CPSA. The CPSA in turn builds also the basisfor the further investigations provided in this dissertation.The second part of the dissertation examines whether the power supply processes and structureof the TSO level can be broken down to the DSO level. These principles need to be consideredfor cluster control operation within the CPSA, which allows independent automation andoperation of each cluster. The current power supply structure and its processes are studiedbased on the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSOE) network codes and adapted to a node-orientated approach.The third part of the dissertation is related to the state estimation, which is a key function fordynamic power system operation and control. In order to be operated within the CPSA, the socalled Grid Node-Oriented State Estimation (GNO-SE) is introduced to validate that the gridnode-oriented approach is suitable for power system operation and control based on the CPSA.This research demonstrates that the necessary flexibility, adaptability and efficiency for thedynamic power system operation and control of the power grid can be provided at DSO level

Educational Leadership Instructional leadership multi-academy trusts

This study examined the relationship between senior leaders' instructional leadershipand students’ learning in three academiesin England, in two Multi-academy trusts. In carryingout this research, the focus is on understanding how effective curriculum, teaching, andlearning prioritised by senior leaders lead to improved outcomes. The research looks first atthe evolution of academies in England's radically reformed education system. Secondly, thestudy explores instructional leadership as a strategy for improving teaching and learningpriorities to secure better outcomes.The study employs a pragmatic epistemology to understand the data gathered. Thestudy uses a mixed-method approach incorporating both quantitative and qualitativeanalytical techniques. The quantitative methods include descriptive statistics (mean andstandard deviations) and a crude calculation of departments’ effectiveness across theacademies. The study employs Miles and Huberman's (1994) data reduction technique, datadisplay and drawing conclusions to make sense of the qualitative data. The approach wasused to analyse all three case reports from the multiple case study process to draw cross-caseconclusions.The finding reveals that in all three academies from which data have been analysedRose Academy, Sunshine Academy and Norm Academy, the instructional behaviours of seniorleaders show a positive link to improving standards in teaching and student learning. Inconclusion, effective instructional leadership in MATs leadsto improved outcomes. This studywill influence policy decisions in MATs, provide a framework for instructional leadership inMATs, and assess principals’ instructional leadership behaviours in MATs using the PIMRS todetermine the reliability and credibility of this instrument

Enhancing polymer char formation by reaction with phosphorylated polyols. Part 1 Cellulose

The use of polyol phosphonyl chlorides or phosphochloridates as phosphorylating agents for cellulose is considered as means of introducing a char-forming centre in association with an acid-generating moiety into a functional polymer which itself is potentially char-forming. The specific polyol phosphonyl chloride used, spirocyclic pentaerythritol di(phosphonyl chloride) or diphosphochloridate, SPDPC, is shown to be able to substitute into cellulose (as cotton) in the presence of a suitable solvent (DMF) and base (pyridine and sodium hydroxide) at levels commensurate with phosphorus concentrations up to 2.5% (w/w). This is equivalent to phosphorylation yields of up to 22.7%. The efficiency of phosphorylation is dependent upon reaction temperature and SPDPC: cotton mass ratios. Highest yields occur when reactions are carried out at respective mass ratios of 4:1 (almost equivalent to a molar ratio of an anhydroglucopyranose repeat : ½ SPDPC molecule) at 160oC for 2 hr.Thermogravimetric analysis of SPDPC-phosphorylated cellulose shows enhanced char formation over the range 400 - 740oC with respect to untreated cotton cellulose. Scanning electron microscopy shows chars to be well-defined and quite resistant to oxidation as the temperature rises above 600oC in air

Reductive mechanisms for repetitive negative thinking: Exploring predictors in clinical and nonclinical samples

Purpose: Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a major public health concern (Nocket al., 2008; Bentum et al., 2017), and is key to the development of a variety ofdysregulated behaviours (Jungmann et al., 2016; Bergen et al., 2012). Thus, thisthesis aims to investigate reductive mechanisms for repetitive negative thinking byanalysing predictor variables in clinical and non-clinical samples. In addition, this studyalso aims to examine the nature of RNT contents in highly religious individuals, and toexamine perceived reductive mechanisms for RNT in highly religious clinical samples.Design/methodology/approach: A Sequential Explanatory Design (SED) was used.This implements a quantitative design followed by a qualitative one. Quantitativemeans of data collection and analysis were used to explore RNT, psychologicalflourishing, self-compassion, perceived control, and neuroticism. In total, 530 adultstook part in this study (236 males, 253 females and 15 transgender people).Participants consisted of clinical (N = 168) and non-clinical samples (N = 336) whocompleted the Midlife in the United States Sense of Control Scale (MIDUS) (Lachmanand Weaver, 1998), 20-item Neuroticism Scale (Goldberg, 1999), a Self-CompassionScale (Neff, 2003a), a Flourishing Scale (Diener et al., 2009), and the RepetitiveNegative Thinking Questionnaire-10 (McEvoy et al., 2010). A follow-up of a SequentialExplanatory Design (SED) was maintained following the completion of the quantitativestudy. Qualitative clinical case studies with five women were conducted. Participantswere highly religious, with mental health comorbidities, and severe RNT. Case studyinterviews were conducted with a semi-structured interview schedule. InterpretativePhenomenological Analysis was used to analyse the data.Findings: Participants who experienced high levels of psychological flourishing, selfcompassion, and perceived control, experienced minimal RNT. Neuroticism waspositively correlated with RNT. These findings suggest that psychological flourishing,self-compassion, perceived control, and neuroticism may aid the reduction ormanagement of clinical and non-clinical repetitive negative thinking. In addition, someindividuals from religious populations may experience RNT content that is like that ofthe general population. In the qualitative study, it was found that highly religious clinicalsamples may make sense of their experiences of RNT in similar ways and may sharesimilar aetiological perceptions of RNT. In addition, loneliness/socialexclusion/withdrawal, insomnia/idiopathic hypersomnia, emotional dysregulation,dysregulated behaviours, fatigue/severe migraine, adverse experiences, and attentiondeficit, were linked to the experience of RNT. Furthermore, religion, creative art,listening to music, positive emotions, relaxation, and integrative interventions werelinked to the control and management of RNT