Planning of Alternative Embankment Reinforcement on the Roadway. Case Study: Landslide on the Bypass Road of Lombok International Airport - Mandalika Section Km 10+415 to 10+519

The Lombok International Airport – Mandalika Bypass Road experienced a landslide at KM 10+415 to 10+519 in February 2023 during heavy rainfall. The landslide is estimated to have occurred due to the saturation of the embankment caused by groundwater flow and rainwater infiltration. The proposed reinforcement includes the use of foam mortar with thickness variations of 2m, 4m, and 6m, with or without subdrain. Another proposal involves using Rigid Inclusions in the form of controlled modulus columns (CMC) with column spacing variations of 2ø, 3ø, and 4ø, with or without subdrain. Numerical analysis of the safety factor (SF) and deformation (Uy) was conducted using the Plaxis 2D program, both for the initial condition and after reinforcement. In general, the SF and deformations (Uy) for all reinforcement variations meet the reinforcement criteria, i.e., SF > 1.5 and deformations (Uy) < 2cm. The smallest SF of 1.579 was obtained with 4m thick foam mortar with subdrain. The largest deformations (Uy) of 1.656 was found with 2ø column spacing CMC without subdrain. The most effective Stress Reduction Ratio of 0.13 was achieved with 2ø column spacing CMC without subdrain. The influence of the subdrain is not significant because the landslide surface did not reach the groundwater table

Comparison of Polylactic Acid Polycondensation Using LASC Fe(DS)3 Catalyst and FeCl3 Metal Catalyst

Polylactic acid (PLA), also known as lactic acid, has become a promising candidate as a renewable resource for plastic production. The use of PLA as a plastic material can significantly reduce the problems caused by waste. In the production of Polylactic acid (PLA), there are byproducts such as water, while metal Lewis such as Fe (III) used in PLA production can rapidly decompose and be deactivated by water. This research aims to synthesize a water-resistant Lewis catalyst by Fe (III) Lewis metals with a surfactant called Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), which will bond together to form Fe (III) dodecyl sulfate [Fe(DS)3]. This catalyst will then be compared to FeCl3 metal catalysts in terms of performance in PLA synthesize using the polycondensation method. The water-resistant Lewis catalyst is characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). As for the PLA synthesized with Fe(DS)3 and FeCl3 catalysts under the same operating conditions, it is analyzed using viscometry to determine its molecular weight, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The results of the analysis of the LASC catalyst include: 1) FTIR spectra of Fe(DS)3 and SDS show similarity in stretching and bending vibration bands. 2) Crystallinity indices of 36.81% and 15.82% are obtained for SDS and Fe(DS)3, respectively. Results of the PLA analysis include: 1) The optimum temperature is 180 ℃, as it leads to an increase in molecular weight, while at 200 ℃, degradation occurs, resulting in a decrease in molecular weight. 2). FTIR result shows that lactic acid polymerization was achieved. 3) XRD analysis shows gentle diffraction from 10° to 26° which similar with literature. 4) The yields of PLA molecules synthesized by Fe(DS)3 gain with higher molecular weight compared to FeCl3 catalyst

INTEGRATION OF GENDER EQUALITY AND SOCIAL INCLUSION (GESI) IN PARTICIPATORY PLANNING OF INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS: CASE STUDY OF TAMMUA URBAN VILLAGE, MAKASSAR

RT 002 RW 004, Tammua Urban Village in Makassar City is an informal settlement with the highest level of vulnerability, characterized by high population density, irregular building structures, limited access to clean water, sanitation, and open spaces, as well as overlapping land uses among residential, industrial, and transportation areas. This study evaluates the integration of Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) principles in the participatory planning of informal settlements through a review of the Tammua Community Settlement Environmental Planning (RPLP) document. Spatial analysis was used to identify correlations between housing density, building feasibility, and access to basic infrastructure with the distribution of vulnerable groups through a GESI lens. Results indicate that the RPLP has attempted to thematically mainstream GESI using the Analysis, Participation, Control, and Benefit (APKM) framework. Thematic maps reveal spatial correlations between housing density, building feasibility, and infrastructure access with the distribution of vulnerable groups. However, participation of vulnerable communities remains limited; housing density reaches 711.11 units/ha, 82 households lack access to clean water, and drainage infrastructure is damaged over 7,359 meters. Due to inadequate sanitation, most residents still rely on dug wells for bathing, washing, and defecation. The study concludes that the integration of GESI in participatory planning in Tammua needs improvement, particularly in substantially involving vulnerable groups, creating adaptive spatial designs, and equitably distributing infrastructure to realize adequate, resilient, and equitable urban housing conditions

Slope Design for Cost Optimization of Slope Cutting and Reinforcement (Case Study: Trans-Sumatra Toll Road Rengat Pekanbaru Section Lingkar Pekanbaru Junction Pekanbaru Sta. 205+150 - 205+725)

The trans-Sumatra toll road project currently under construction is the Rengat - Pekanbaru toll road construction project, the Pekanbaru ring road section located at km 205 + 150 to km 205 + 725 (575m long). In this section, quite deep excavation work is required as well as quite wide land acquisition which causes expensive land acquisition costs. In this study, slope variations were carried out with steeper angles in order to obtain a smaller road ROW; only additional reinforcement needs to be planned so that the slope is more stable and does not cause landslides. The stability of the varying slope slopes was analyzed using an auxiliary program to obtain the safety factor for each selected slope. In conducting the analysis, the elevation of the groundwater level was varied, namely at the bottom of the excavation (conditions during the dry season), as in secondary data, and at the top of the excavation (conditions during maximum rainfall). Slope stability analysis was also carried out using the ' theory of cracked soil' approach. Slope reinforcement using ground anchors will be planned if SF <1.0; for slopes that have SF ≥ 1.0, rainwater management will be carried out without reinforcement. The excavation slope at Sta 205+400 with a slope of 1:2 and 1:3 and the groundwater level at the top of the excavation is SF = 1.73; if the analysis is carried out using the cracked soil approach, the safety factor value drops to SF = 0.68. In addition, in the alternative slope gradients, namely alternative 1 with a slope angle of 1:1 and alternative 2 with a slope angle of 2:1, the slope safety factor changes quite drastically to 0.39 in alternative 1 and 0.2 in alternative 2. The cost calculation for alternative 2 with a slope gradient of 2:1 saves excavation work of 183,136.31 m3, 34,375 m2 of land acquisition and reinforcement costs of 3,422 Ground anchor points in cracked soil conditions and groundwater elevation with existing conditions of secondary data. Cost optimization of Rp. 18,423,905,547,

Dewan Redaksi

Puji syukur kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas rahmat dan karunia-Nya, sehingga edisi Volume 9 (Nomor 4) tahun 2025 ini dapat diterbitkan.Terbitan jurnal ini memuat kumpulan artikel ilmiah terpilih yang berfokus pada Pemeliharaan dan Rehabilitasi Aset. Tujuan dari publikasi ini adalah untuk memfasilitasi pertukaran informasi akademis, dalam pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan di bidang terkait.Kami mengucapkan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada para penulis yang telah mempercayakan artikel ilmiah terbaiknya untuk diterbitkan di jurnal ini, serta kepada para mitra bestari (peer-reviewers).Akhir kata, kami mengharapkan jurnal ini dapat menginspirasi penelitian-penelitian selanjutnya, bagi para akademisi, peneliti, mahasiswa, dan praktisi di Indonesia.Pemimpin Redaks

Prediction and Analysis of The Number of ARI Cases based on PM2.5 Concentration with Co-Kriging Approach

Air quality significantly impacts global environmental health, influencing both human well-being and climate change. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), air pollution is one of the most substantial environmental threats to human health, with Indonesia experiencing particularly severe air quality issues. The World Air Quality Report ranks Indonesia 14th globally and 1st in Southeast Asia for poor air quality, with a notable increase in PM2.5 concentrations to 37.1 µg/m³ in 2023. Major sources of pollution include coal-fired power plants, motor vehicles, forest fires, and agricultural activities. In urban areas like Surabaya, PM2.5 levels have risen, contributing to high incidences of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI). Spatial analysis reveals a correlation between PM2.5 levels and ARI cases, with spatial regression and co-kriging methods offering accurate estimation models. This study utilizes co-kriging, incorporating PM2.5 data from nine districts in Surabaya, to estimate ARI cases. The Exponential semivariogram model provided the most accurate predictions, with a MAPE value of 5.11%. The highest estimated ARI cases were in the Kenjeran district, highlighting the need for targeted interventions. Future research should expand observation points and consider additional influencing factors such as weather, population density, and socioeconomic conditions to enhance prediction accuracy and support effective public health strategies

Evaluasi Kondisi Permukaan Ruas Jalan dengan Hawkeye 2000 (Studi Kasus : Jalan Ki Hajar Dewantoro, Kota Tegal)

Hawkeye 2000 adalah kendaraan survey yang memiliki seperangkat teknologi canggihdengan kemampuan mengambil data lapangan secara sistematis. Kemudahan iniberfungsi dalam kegiatan penelitian evaluasi kondisi permukaan jalan di Ki HajarDewantoro, Kota Tegal. Maksud penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan mengecekkeadaan permukaan jalan di Ki Hajar Dewantoro, Kota Tegal apakah sudah sesuaidengan standar ketentuan yang ada. Terdapat tiga pokok data analisis yakni nilaigeometrik jalan, nilai IRI, dan kerusakan jalan. Metode analisis menggunakanperbandingan dengan standar ketentuan yang berlaku. Sebagai jalan dengan fungsikolektor sekunder, Ki Hajar Dewantoro harus memberikan pelayanan jalan yang optimalkepada pengguna. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat tikungan yang cukup tajam diruas jalan Ki Hajar Dewantoro dengan nilai cross slope 4,11% dan kerusakan jalan yangmuncul juga memerlukan penanganan perbaikan. Kerusakan jalan yang muncul beruparetak kulit buaya, lubang, retak sambungan jalan, galian dan tambalan, dan pengelupasanlapisan permukaan

Wave diffraction and independent radiation by a buoyant body in finite-depth water by using an exact NtD boundary condition

Hydrodynamics of a floating structure is of interest from offshore and coastal engineers who develop the wave energy converters and utilize the marine space resources. Recently, Rim [1-3] proposed an exact DtN (Dirichlet-to-Neumann) artificial boundary condition in order to solve three-dimensional wave-structure interactions or wave motion over piecewise topographies numerically. This paper is concerned with another artificial boundary condition or so-called NtD (Neumann-to-Dirichlet) boundary condition in order to solve water wave diffraction and independent radiation by a buoyant body. A virtual cylindrical surface enclosing the floating body is chosen as a boundary on which an exact NtD map is analytically derived from a solution of the exterior subregion and then it is specified as a boundary condition in order to solve the interior problem. The present model shows good accuracy through the comparison with the DtN approach and suggests the escalated results for the effects of heading angle of incident wave and draft of a buoyant chamfer box

JOURNEY OF VERNACULAR ROOF TYPOLOGY IN SLAGI VILLAGE

Vernacular architecture is identified as a form of architecture that evolves with the times. The concept of this architecture remains relevant because rural communities tend to build their homes based on longstanding traditions passed down through generations. However, changes in vernacular architecture can occur due to various factors, including adaptation to modern developments and residents' needs. In this article, the evolution of vernacular roof forms from the past to the present is analyzed, focusing on the vernacular roofs of houses in Slagi Village. Through a comparative study of old and new vernacular house roofs, the evolution of vernacular roof architecture is explored, and the factors influencing roof shape changes are investigated. Descriptive and comparative analysis approaches are used to review the differences in roof forms, and the cultural and environmental implications of these changes are understood. Findings show significant changes in vernacular roof forms from the past to the present, influenced by technological advancements and architectural trends. This article provides deep insights into the transformation of vernacular architecture and highlights the importance of preserving cultural heritage in the context of changing times. With a better understanding of the evolution of vernacular architecture, it is hoped to raise awareness of the importance of safeguarding and preserving cultural heritage for future generations

Optimization of Hybrid Battery-Supercapacitor Storage System in Electric Ship Using Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm

As the marine industry now is running toward the green and more efficient propulsion system, the optimization has also become a primary part of the research. This research study is focusing on the optimal sizing of Hybrid Energy Storage (HESS) in electric ship using Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA). By integrating the battery and supercapacitor (SC), it helps cover the load demand while enhancing a good performance to the ship. This research study is to optimize sizing of HESS with a suitable Energy management System (EMS) to desired the intention of minimize the total cost of HESS and degradation of the battery. The proposed model addresses the complexity of HESS while optimized the distribution of power for both the battery and SC, handling the load condition