PRODUKSI BIOETHANOL DARI RUMPUT GAJAH SECARA KIMIA

Availability of bulrush can be obtained by continue and abundance, representing one the less exploited crop.Bulrush only used as livestock food, sometimes bulrush also considered to be intruder crop. But bulrush have cellulose rate, glucose, extract able to be used as one the ethanol producer materials. Obtained Ethanol rate from study produce bio ethanol from bulrush between 23-28 %, to increase purity of ethanol rate conducted bydissociation use batch distillation. Research produces bio ethanol from bulrush chemically to look for bio ethanol alternative raw material and study sour hydrolysis process and fermentation. In research produce bio ethanol from bulrush chemically to process hydrolysis at condition remains to: temperature 30oC, water 7 liters,hydrolysis time 1hour and condition change: bulrush weight 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 (gram), HCL condensation volume 10, 20, 30, 40, 50(ml). Is then continued by fermentation process at condition remain to:temperature 30oC, pH 4.5; fermentation volume 500 ml and condition change: fermentation time 4, 5, 6, 7, 8(day), starter 8 %, 10 %, 12 %. From research produces bio ethanol from bulrush chemically obtained [by] result, [at] best glucose rate hydrolysis process 26.29 %, bulrush weight 200 gram. At best condition ferment process use saccharomyces cerevisiae starter 10 % during 6 day, yielding ethanol equal to 27.71 % and glucose rate is rest of 8.09 %. To obtain get purity ethanol product to process separation of continuation with batch distillation, after conducted separation continue to be obtained ethanol rate (90-95) %. From result is obtained that is ethanol rate (90-95) %, bulrush can be used as alternative raw material making of bio ethanol. But for the standard of bio ethanol that is ethanol rate above 98 %, so that require to furthermore process.  Keyword: bio ethanol, fermentation, hydrolysis, purification, bulrush

KINETIKA ADSORPSI WARNA LIMBAH TEKSTIL DENGAN ABU SEKAM PADI MENGGUNAKAN REAGEN TAWAS

Abu sekam padi (ASP) mengandung lebih dari 90 % silika (SiO2). Silika merupakan suatusenyawa yang dapat dipakai sebagai adsorben. Al2(SO4)3 merupakan senyawa yang menyebabkandestabilisasi didalam air sehingga dapat berfungsi sebagai zat yang menyebabkan terjadinyaikatan hidrogen. Pada limbah cair tekstil, zat warna yang terlarut didalam air dapat diserap olehASP. Agar proses adsorpsi berlangsung cepat maka perlu ditambahkan reagen.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas ASP dalam menyerap warna dalamlimbah tekstil. Hal ini dapat ditunjukkan oleh kinetika adsorpsi dari ASP tersebut. Metodepenelitian mengunakan regresi linier untuk menentukan konstanta adsorpsinya. Variabel yangdiperiksa adalah volume reagen, berat ASP dan waktu pengadukan yang digunakan untukmenghitung konstanta laju adsorpsi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar berat ASP, semakin besar konstantaadsorpsi dan semakin besar volume reagen semakin besar konstanta adsorpsi. Efektifitas adsorpsiditunjukkan oleh konstanta adsorpsi yang paling tinggi yaitu pada volume reagen yang terbanyak(7,5ml ) dan penambahan ASP paling banyak (20 gr )Kata kunci : abu sekam padi, adsorpsi, tawas, warn

UTILIZATION OF SOLID WASTE LEATHER INDUSTRY AS RAW MATERIAL MAKING SOAP

With the increase in the development of technology, then today often products from a factorythat various forms in the market in order to satisfies the consumer. For example was the number of soapproducts that emerged. Because of that as the new alternative that is looking for the alternative base forthe production base of soap. The alternative that will be developed was the production of soap from thatis fat. This research was to make laundry detergent by making use of the waste of the skin industry. Wasbased on results of the analysis it was known the best condition was achieved at the time of the increase7 gram and the increase KOH 15 gram with the level of free alkali 0.094 %, fat not 1.80 %, and thenumber fatty acid 68.7 %. Meaning that at the moment the condition for the quality of laundry detergentbased on the Standard of Nasional Indonesia could be filled.Key words: solid waste , skin industry,KOH, fatty acid, soap